tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-68253640006973818352024-03-04T21:27:49.187-08:00EGR 393 David and Nickstockerfinleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18112973923278201247noreply@blogger.comBlogger14125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6825364000697381835.post-33592771194108385342016-04-24T16:44:00.002-07:002016-04-25T04:58:24.189-07:00Week 14<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Video 1:</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyBqCnqIeHUnIMKgwzSKX5yzRbfa6nvyQzVf7xb4cDOMte2Dgt_ve286iUlfKIva0sSvJve_DMWdM2l9SrODg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe><br />
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This video describes the process of what currently happens when our groups Rube Goldberg Machines are connected. Both circuits are started and finished with dominoes in order to give us flexibility within our group and in regards to the groups around us. <br />
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Video 2:</div>
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Video's two and three provide examples of our failures. Initially, we took it upon ourselves as a challenge to use only one power supply (since they're so sought after for this project)! During the process of setting up our machine, we had to overcome some obstacles. We learned about where to position our different structures and what order we needed to place everything. Despite what we learned, we still experienced random error where suddenly one circuit would just stop working. On our next attempt, we finally noticed the power supply changing upon the switching of the first circuit. Between both circuits sharing one power supply, we were drawing too much to run our machine %100 of the time. <br />
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Video 3:<br />
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Video 4: It worked!<br />
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After switching to two power supplies, we found it rather easy to make it work! </div>
stockerfinleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18112973923278201247noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6825364000697381835.post-82333461481609305642016-04-17T15:38:00.000-07:002016-04-18T06:23:45.798-07:00Week 13<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<b>Week 13</b></h2>
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<b>Stocker Rube Goldberg</b></div>
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<b> <u> Parts Used</u></b></div>
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<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Seven Segment Display</b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>LM324 Op Amp</b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Relay</b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Transistor </b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Motor</b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Capacitors</b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Resistors: Various Ohm Values</b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Dominoes</b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Solar panel</b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Timer</b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Counter</b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Logic Gates</b></li>
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<b>Rube Goldberg Plan</b></div>
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The setup I have chosen to use consists of seven segment displays, a relay, op amp, transistor, motor and dominoes. The plan is to get voltage from my partner next to me to flip the relay. I haven't figured out how I will get my voltage to start from his rube goldberg. I was thinking of using a solar panel like the project in front of me who I will have to connect with. From there it will light up the seven segment displays and go into the op amp. I plan on having around 1 volts go into the op amp and around 10 come out by using resistors to get a gain of 10. From the output of the op amp it will be sent to the transistor to power the motor. The motor will be used to spin and hit the first domino to create a domino effect. I will have the dominoes go up and over the desk to fall down to the other side. The person I will be connecting with will be using a solar panel and will have it covered by a sheet of paper. With the dominoes I will be able to pull off the sheet to get his circuit going. In my video it isn't exactly ten seconds because my second set of dominoes are two hours away and I wasn't fully able to get it to the time limit. Once I get my second set of dominoes I will be able to add a longer setup.<br />
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<b>Update: I am currently working on extending the time of my circuit by adding a timer along with a counter to set off my RB process. I will have the timer be hooked up to the segment displays and once it hits a certain amount of time, it will be transferred to the opamp and relay to start the motor. </b><br />
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<b>Group Project:</b><br />
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<b>Nicks circuit did not work out the way he planned and a part failed on Friday. We weren't able to produce a video of our setups connecting but it will be done by using dominoes. Once his motor goes off after his timer is reached his goal time it will cause the dominoes to fall and pull the sheet off my solar panel. Once the sheet is pulled off from my solar panel, my project will start its process. </b><br />
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stockerfinleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18112973923278201247noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6825364000697381835.post-43149522809424804262016-04-10T11:51:00.001-07:002016-04-10T12:39:12.816-07:00week 12<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<b>Week 12</b></h2>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Stocker Rube Goldberg</b></div>
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<b><u><br /></u></b></div>
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<b> <u> Parts Used</u></b></div>
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<b><u><br /></u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Seven Segment Display</b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>LM324 Op Amp</b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Relay</b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Transistor </b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Motor</b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Resistors: Various Ohm Values</b></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"><b>Dominoes</b></li>
</ul>
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<b>Rube Goldberg Plan</b></div>
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The setup I have chosen to use consists of seven segment displays, a relay, op amp, transistor, motor and dominoes. The plan is to get voltage from my partner next to me to flip the relay. I haven't figured out how I will get my voltage to start from his rube goldberg. I was thinking of using a solar panel like the project in front of me who I will have to connect with. From there it will light up the seven segment displays and go into the op amp. I plan on having around 1 volts go into the op amp and around 10 come out by using resistors to get a gain of 10. From the output of the op amp it will be sent to the transistor to power the motor. The motor will be used to spin and hit the first domino to create a domino effect. I will have the dominoes go up and over the desk to fall down to the other side. The person I will be connecting with will be using a solar panel and will have it covered by a sheet of paper. With the dominoes I will be able to pull off the sheet to get his circuit going. In my video it isn't exactly ten seconds because my second set of dominoes are two hours away and I wasn't fully able to get it to the time limit. Once I get my second set of dominoes I will be able to add a longer setup.<br />
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<b>Failures</b></div>
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When it comes to using dominoes it is very easy to fail and knock them over. It happened to me a few times and also when the dominoes had to fall off the edge shown in my first video, the domino path didn't continue. Other failures involved the circuit with not putting in the correct resistor values to create the desired gain for the op amp. Also the resistor values for the transistor were off making the motor spin very slow and not hitting the domino over. </div>
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stockerfinleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18112973923278201247noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6825364000697381835.post-58184119750797658662016-03-28T05:15:00.001-07:002016-04-07T13:14:44.736-07:00Week 11<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b>Blog sheet Week 11: Strain Gauges <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>Part A: Strain Gauges:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Strain gauges are used to
measure the strain or stress levels on the materials. Alternatively, pressure
on the strain gauge causes a generated voltage and it can be used as an energy
harvester. You will be given either the flapping or tapping type gauge. When
you test the circle buzzer type gauge, you will lay it flat on the table and
tap on it. If it is the long rectangle one, you will flap the piece to generate
voltage.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Connect
the oscilloscope probes to the strain gauge. Record the peak voltage values
(positive and negative) by flipping/tapping the gauge with low and high pressure.
Make sure to set the oscilloscope horizontal and vertical scales appropriately
so you can read the values. DO NOT USE the measure tool of the oscilloscope.
Adjust your oscilloscope so you can read the values from the screen. Fill out Table
1 and provide photos of the oscilloscope.<o:p></o:p><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQhmaZGCyu_FD1Kb3OtlQYq8ND9ik0RcC0Wasl601NFOcg7W7xCanwxSHMFZ6qGBdXslCXUJZ_HjTDKmkvjMGcXkMAWzaoAB2jiRkryTtG-RQX1jY43Qwxs5O176T8Rf_-l0dxeRCyhZu9/s1600/12935280_10154076567654826_1550869808_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQhmaZGCyu_FD1Kb3OtlQYq8ND9ik0RcC0Wasl601NFOcg7W7xCanwxSHMFZ6qGBdXslCXUJZ_HjTDKmkvjMGcXkMAWzaoAB2jiRkryTtG-RQX1jY43Qwxs5O176T8Rf_-l0dxeRCyhZu9/s320/12935280_10154076567654826_1550869808_n.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2-crP1QYhreOqob1iqk980SlFwJHaxL03mQONyjIf1jo1ylOnUWvkT5Oi50qGOHOKm4CcXinHGCyBKZ6_FkADstvNN5wB7cYX5bZeJm6YkAfxSRHfwTHCr7AxwgxYnwY_2Xe5-x2Gauz_/s1600/12918994_10154076567764826_56705747_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2-crP1QYhreOqob1iqk980SlFwJHaxL03mQONyjIf1jo1ylOnUWvkT5Oi50qGOHOKm4CcXinHGCyBKZ6_FkADstvNN5wB7cYX5bZeJm6YkAfxSRHfwTHCr7AxwgxYnwY_2Xe5-x2Gauz_/s320/12918994_10154076567764826_56705747_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
Table <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>SEQ Table \* ARABIC <span style='mso-element:
field-separator'></span><![endif]-->1<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]-->:
Strain gauge characteristics<o:p></o:p></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 157.7pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b>Flipping
strength<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 142.55pt;" valign="top" width="190"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b>Minimum
Voltage<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 142.55pt;" valign="top" width="190"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b>Maximum
Voltage<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 157.7pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b>Low<sub><o:p></o:p></sub></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 142.55pt;" valign="top" width="190"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
-380mV</div>
</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 142.55pt;" valign="top" width="190">4V</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 157.7pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b>High<sub><o:p></o:p></sub></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 142.55pt;" valign="top" width="190"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
1V</div>
</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 142.55pt;" valign="top" width="190">35V</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Press
the “Single” button below the Autoscale button on the oscilloscope. This mode
will allow you to capture a single change at the output. Adjust your time and
amplitude scales so you have the best resolution for your signal when you flip/tap
your strain gauge. Provide a photo of the oscilloscope graph.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-4cnSPctE-odeLs2NgfMP7HQylm6CjrsFyzAy9SJIgaAkV6qL4gstR1YK0P9wwl-fXPyNCiciOqQzElofGBCWvexA82e-k76-T8CfoXY_KjShwRbNhKjKLpfOD5xqTmCy7a9sATDN6ejL/s1600/TEK0000.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-4cnSPctE-odeLs2NgfMP7HQylm6CjrsFyzAy9SJIgaAkV6qL4gstR1YK0P9wwl-fXPyNCiciOqQzElofGBCWvexA82e-k76-T8CfoXY_KjShwRbNhKjKLpfOD5xqTmCy7a9sATDN6ejL/s320/TEK0000.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b>Part B: Half-Wave Rectifiers<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Construct the
following half-wave rectifier. Measure the input and the output using the
oscilloscope and provide a snapshot of the outputs.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0">
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1">
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1">
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0">
</v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas>
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f">
<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 132.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 219pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\stock1d\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.emz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Calculate the
effective voltage of the input and output and compare the values with the
measured ones by completing the following table. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>Effective (rms) values<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>Calculated<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>Measured<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>Input<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3.536V</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
3.535V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>Output<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
1.5916V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
1.696V</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Construct
the following circuit and record the output voltage using both DMM and the
oscilloscope.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<v:shape id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 100.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 202.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\stock1d\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.emz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>Oscilloscope<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>DMM<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>Output Voltage (p-p)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
.848V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Not Possible</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>Output Voltage (mean)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
1.72V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0in;">
Not Possible</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="line-height: 200%;">4.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span style="line-height: 200%;">Replace
the 1 µF capacitor with 100 µF and repeat the previous step. What has changed?</span><br />
<span style="line-height: 200%;"><br /></span>
<b><span style="line-height: 200%;">Since no 100 <o:p></o:p></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">µF capacitor was </span><span style="line-height: 32px;">available</span><span style="line-height: 200%;">, we were provided with a 470 </span></span><span style="line-height: 32px; text-indent: -0.25in;">µF capacitor. This is a much larger capacitor and means that we would not see the cap discharge at 1KHz. In order to fix this we had to turn the frequency down. In this case we used 6.3 Hz. </span></b><br />
<b><span style="line-height: 32px; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>Oscilloscope<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>DMM<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>Output Voltage (p-p)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
920mv</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0in;">
Not Possible</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>Output Voltage (mean)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
5.67V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 32px; margin: 0in;">
Not Possible</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b>Part C: Energy Harvesters<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Construct the half-wave rectifier circuit
without the resistor but with the 1 µF capacitor. Instead of the function
generator, use the strain gauge. Discharge the capacitor every time you start a
new measurement. Flip/tap your strain gauge and observe the output voltage.
Fill out the table below:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Tap frequency<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Duration<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Output voltage<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1 flip/second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
10 seconds<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
5.64 V </div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1 flip/second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
20 seconds<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
5.8 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1 flip /second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
30 seconds<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
6.5 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
4 flips/second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
10 seconds<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
5.72 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
4 flips/second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
20 seconds</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top">5.98 V</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
4 flips/second<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<span style="line-height: 200%;">10 flips/sec</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
30 seconds<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
10 sec</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
7.3 V<br />
<br />
10.4 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Briefly
explain your results.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<b>The flips on the strain gauge greatly affected the amount the capacitor was charging. With the more flips per second the faster the voltage went up across the capacitor. We even added a higher flip rate just to observe what will happen and the voltage was greatly increased. </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->If
we do not use the diode in the circuit (i.e. using only strain gauge to charge
the capacitor), what would you observe at the output? Why?<br />
<br />
<b>Without the diode it doesnt work as well because the circuit is not a half wave rectifier anymore. The diode is needed for the rectifier circuit. </b><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
stockerfinleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18112973923278201247noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6825364000697381835.post-24779008653680734642016-03-25T05:57:00.000-07:002016-03-29T13:19:07.120-07:00Week 10<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Blogsheet week 10<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In this week’s lab, you will collect more data on low pass
and high pass filters and “process” them using MATLAB.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>PART A: MATLAB
practice.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Open MATLAB. Open the editor and copy paste
the following code. Name your code as FirstCode.m<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<b>Save
the resulting plot as a JPEG image and put it here.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
clear all;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
close all;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
x = [1 2 3 4 5];<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
y = 2.^x;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
plot(x, y, 'LineWidth', 6)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
xlabel('Numbers', 'FontSize', 12)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
ylabel('Results', 'FontSize', 12)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5FLYNQX8ojkS_U_Kcgl8SoQmorGv4TB7fCo9L1kMtVsE3TGraetGNCBN2QSusNsczAdRb31Gf-P8XRJj5GE4i6Cuzx3HwkLccJzi4x8u51tSGPSYo57a2HQP9_Jg6LXbf0YX6eFN5Ku7c/s1600/p1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5FLYNQX8ojkS_U_Kcgl8SoQmorGv4TB7fCo9L1kMtVsE3TGraetGNCBN2QSusNsczAdRb31Gf-P8XRJj5GE4i6Cuzx3HwkLccJzi4x8u51tSGPSYo57a2HQP9_Jg6LXbf0YX6eFN5Ku7c/s320/p1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>What does <i>clear all</i> do?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>This clears all previous data held in
Matlab currently.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>What does <i>close all</i> do?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
Closes any windows currently open. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>In the command line, type <i>x</i> and press enter. This is a matrix. How
many rows and columns are there in the matrix?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
There are five rows and one column. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Why is there a semicolon at the end of the
line of <i>x</i> and <i>y</i>?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
This signifies the end of the line of
code. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Remove the dot on the y = 2.^x; line and
execute the code again. What does the error message mean?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: red;">“Error using ^ <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: red;">Inputs must be a
scalar and a square matrix.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span style="color: red;">To compute
elementwise POWER, use POWER (.^) instead.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>How does the LineWidth affect the plot?
Explain.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
It makes the width of the plot line
wider. For example, the original line
width was 6. The following image is the
same plot using a line width of 30. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzY8VWMOu6gSNdthfGYxMVumHLRg2ZfoFkSnYvAgllhE1GhRaux3WKOYo2Dqp-vGEHRnmKE97DcAgJ36_6oLqZqCmjQsrRFVj7LChVhJbWgovx0JviigVj53vsEW7lfG_DMxayxmy1qa3T/s1600/PlotWide.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzY8VWMOu6gSNdthfGYxMVumHLRg2ZfoFkSnYvAgllhE1GhRaux3WKOYo2Dqp-vGEHRnmKE97DcAgJ36_6oLqZqCmjQsrRFVj7LChVhJbWgovx0JviigVj53vsEW7lfG_DMxayxmy1qa3T/s320/PlotWide.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:420pt;
height:315pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\stock1d\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Type <i>help
plot</i> on the command line and study the options for <i>plot</i> command. Provide how you would change the line for <i>plot</i> command to obtain the following
figure (Hint: Like <i>‘LineWidth’</i>, there
is another property called <i>‘MarkerSize’</i>)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
We would add “<span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'-or'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">,</span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'MarkerSize'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">, 12</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;">” to the code. Where “-or” signifies making the plot red and
the ‘MarkerSize, 12” code make the markers large.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUpJoH59CzAbMbafu_Gt_Ukt1FgHa65sJPzT-unicu2dR8_ylRgweQCZPl5OlMCpiqOLC7wtgoeqRS1OEkdMmEVVumLDUSI26bFsdZCsBq4Ic6WJEpU7Y42Tf3TnBYI4-uGr67g3fIj7dq/s1600/p3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUpJoH59CzAbMbafu_Gt_Ukt1FgHa65sJPzT-unicu2dR8_ylRgweQCZPl5OlMCpiqOLC7wtgoeqRS1OEkdMmEVVumLDUSI26bFsdZCsBq4Ic6WJEpU7Y42Tf3TnBYI4-uGr67g3fIj7dq/s320/p3.png" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:200.25pt;
height:150pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\stock1d\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.emz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<!--[if !supportLists]-->9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What happens if you change the line for <i>x</i> to <i>x
= [1; 2; 3; 4; 5];</i> ? Explain.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
Nothing changes. The graph stays the same both times. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red;">Provide the code for the
following figure. You need to figure out the function for y. Notice there are
grids on the plot.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:276.75pt;
height:207.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\stock1d\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.emz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Degree vs. radian in MATLAB:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Calculate sinus of 30 degrees using a calculator
or internet.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Sin(30) = 0.5<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Type sin(30) in the command line of the MATLAB. Why
is this number different? (Hint: MATLAB treats angles as radians).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
The answer of radians is (-0.9880).
This is because it’s in radians. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->How can you modify sin(30) so we get the correct
number?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
We can convert 30 degrees into radians by multiplying by pi an divide by
180.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Plot <i>y =
10 sin (100 t)</i> using Matlab with two different resolutions on the <b>same plot</b>: 10 points per period and
1000 points per period. The plot needs to show only <b>two periods</b>. Commands you might need to use are linspace, plot,
hold on, legend, xlabel, and ylabel. Provide your code and resulting figure.
The output figure should look like the following:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">clear </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">all</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">;</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">close </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">all</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">;</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">t = linspace(0,((4*pi)/100),10);</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">x = 10*sin(100*t); </span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">f = linspace(0,((4*pi)/100),1000);</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">y = 10*sin(100*f); </span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">plot(t,x, </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'-or'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">);</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">hold </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">on</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">;</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">plot(f,y);</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">xlabel(</span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'Time (s)'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">, </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'FontSize'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">, 12)</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">ylabel(</span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'y function'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">, </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'FontSize'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">, 12)</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And our graph:<o:p></o:p><br />
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->13.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Explain what is changed in the following plot
comparing to the previous one.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
The fine graph is clipped at a maximum
positive amplitude of 5. <o:p></o:p><br />
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->14.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->The command <i>find</i>
was used to create this code. Study the use of find (<i>help find</i>) and try to replicate the plot above. Provide your code.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">clear </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">all</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">;</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">close </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">all</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">;</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">t = linspace(0,((4*pi)/100),10);</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">x = 10*sin(100*t); </span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">f = linspace(0,((4*pi)/100),1000);</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">y = 10*sin(100*f); </span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">y(find(y > 5)) = 5; </span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">plot(t,x, </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'-or'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">);</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">hold </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">on</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">;</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">plot(f,y);</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">xlabel(</span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'Time (s)'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">, </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'FontSize'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">, 12)</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">ylabel(</span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'y function'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">, </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'FontSize'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">, 12)</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Our
Image:<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<br />
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<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_8" o:spid="_x0000_i1025"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:420pt;height:315pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\stock1d\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image012.jpg"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->15.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red;">Create a code that would
clip the negative part of the sinusoidal signal for the fine plot to -5.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">clear </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">all</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">;</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">close </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">all</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">;</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">t = linspace(0,((4*pi)/100),10);</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">x = 10*sin(100*t); </span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">f = linspace(0,((4*pi)/100),1000);</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">y = 10*sin(100*f); </span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">y(find(y < -5)) = -5; </span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">plot(t,x, </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'-or'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">);</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">hold </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">on</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">;</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">plot(f,y);</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">xlabel(</span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'Time (s)'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">, </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'FontSize'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">, 12)</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">ylabel(</span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'y function'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">, </span><span style="color: #a020f0; font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10.0pt;">'FontSize'</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;">, 12)</span><span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "courier new"; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>PART B: Filters and
MATLAB<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Build a low pass filter using a resistor and
capacitor in which the cut off frequency is 1 kHz. Observe the output signal using
the oscilloscope. Collect several data points particularly around the cut off
frequency. Provide your data in a table.<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Plot your data using MATLAB. Make sure to use
proper labels for the plot and make your plot line and fonts readable. Provide
your code and the plot.<o:p></o:p><br />
x = [5 10 20 30 40 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 2000 3000 4000];<br />
y = [4.72 4.23 3.14 2.4 1.9 1.56 .83 .420 .292 .222 .180 .156 .136 .126 .114 .103 .098 .091 .082 .077 .061 .048 .040];<br />
plot(x, y,'g', 'LineWidth', 6)<br />
xlabel('Frequency ', 'Fontsize', 12)<br />
ylabel('V Peak ','FontSize', 12)<br />
hold o<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">n;</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSzsJDqvU1ewrixV5pCFEGGj3TXMKWOviZPkc1T3mhOMnQ3SBkI_nOttVD7jxwx738RDpFxZtF8vPIV-XWV0SZMqXZW0fq54UA1bHww73-SNPcdKVuak_VU-eAuztOKaqa25aIsVsL72Eq/s1600/graph1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSzsJDqvU1ewrixV5pCFEGGj3TXMKWOviZPkc1T3mhOMnQ3SBkI_nOttVD7jxwx738RDpFxZtF8vPIV-XWV0SZMqXZW0fq54UA1bHww73-SNPcdKVuak_VU-eAuztOKaqa25aIsVsL72Eq/s320/graph1.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Calculate the cut off frequency using MATLAB. <i>find</i> command will be used. Provide your
code.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
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x = [5 10 20 30 40 50 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 2000 3000 4000];<br />
y = [4.72 4.23 3.14 2.4 1.9 1.56 .83 .420 .292 .222 .180 .156 .136 .126 .114 .103 .098 .091 .082 .077 .061 .048 .040];<br />
plot(x, y,'g', 'LineWidth', 6)<br />
xlabel('Frequency ', 'Fontsize', 12)<br />
ylabel('V Peak ','FontSize', 12)<br />
hold o<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">n;</span><br />
t=find(y==400);<br />
x(t)<br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red;">Put a horizontal dashed
line on the previous plot that passes through the cutoff frequency.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><br /></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Repeat 1-3 by modifying the circuit to a high
pass filter.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3ZcGfXYkw-1GjY1TFgVABiaFT50ZvJXY_ePS4ZFGqdJR4AYm6srlaF4IxF8Zsfssx_6ei3nrbrRj6Hv7j2xG4k-RIYFwCKZFgK_VfPYPFgpxWoSxD7cht9UHCKI_ivDdHDKUz6hOoiNIH/s1600/dfafdas.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3ZcGfXYkw-1GjY1TFgVABiaFT50ZvJXY_ePS4ZFGqdJR4AYm6srlaF4IxF8Zsfssx_6ei3nrbrRj6Hv7j2xG4k-RIYFwCKZFgK_VfPYPFgpxWoSxD7cht9UHCKI_ivDdHDKUz6hOoiNIH/s320/dfafdas.png" width="103" /></a></div>
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x = [100 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 3300 3600 3900 4200 4500 4800 9000 12000 17000 20000];<br />
y = [0.47 .872 1.47 2.12 3.1 3.89 4.32 4.57 4.82 5.877 6.39 8.11 8.72 8.72 8.72 8.72 8.72 8.72 8.72 8.72 8.72];<br />
plot(x, y, 'LineWidth', 6)<br />
xlabel('Frequency ', 'Fontsize', 12)<br />
ylabel('V Peak ','FontSize', 12)<br />
hold on;<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl00Ee8BiMhrEiOgS2qxAnvxK6uM1bl2vYFdsNVk7TZLfSShuKqzTlFXiQ9dhlsAkaJwI4ubQHScFUiJZ79W0DqTZAgaS0BwKjTcCw1xGrfLewgSbLavFNWNgArM0sb22us-bVuMHH65IN/s1600/graph2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl00Ee8BiMhrEiOgS2qxAnvxK6uM1bl2vYFdsNVk7TZLfSShuKqzTlFXiQ9dhlsAkaJwI4ubQHScFUiJZ79W0DqTZAgaS0BwKjTcCw1xGrfLewgSbLavFNWNgArM0sb22us-bVuMHH65IN/s320/graph2.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: red;">Repeat #4 for #5.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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stockerfinleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18112973923278201247noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6825364000697381835.post-60384074100834495672016-03-14T06:42:00.000-07:002016-03-22T16:22:54.290-07:00Week 9<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">IMPORTANT NOTE:</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Starting this week, the course format will slightly change: </span></div>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Blogsheet information entry to the blog as </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">group</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (blogG) will be reduced. You will only require to put short sentences as comments. The blogsheet will still be due Monday. The points for this part will be reduced to 10 points from 20 points.</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Post-quiz will only be 10 points and include experiment related questions. Blog related questions will be removed from Friday’s quiz. However;</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Blog related post-quiz questions (10 points) will be individually submitted (blogI) along with </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">detailed</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> blogsheet information submission (10 points) that are </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">typed in red text </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">in the blogsheet. This assignment will be due Wednesday the following week.</span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Commenting and responding to comments will be due the following Wednesday. </span></div>
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</ul>
<b id="docs-internal-guid-c0969efa-74ff-f2d4-e158-a9a4c731a925" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Blogsheet week 9</span></div>
<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Measure the resistance of the speaker</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Compare this value with the value you would find online.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></div>
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</ol>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 18.9933px; white-space: pre-wrap;">resistance- 8.1 Ohms Online- Around 8 Ohms</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 18.9933px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 18.9933px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 18.9933px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Build the following circuit using a function generator setting the amplitude to 5V (0V offset). What happens when you change the frequency? (video) </span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="C:\Users\kolar1km.CENTRAL\Desktop\AC1.PNG" height="93" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/IRI1wZmP6yu1ga0ivZE-gPiLlefZcs4-UMKOw7fWQisar57kN3tJeiecpCdS2OmBMNngY3HwsFDgEZWSSRgTDdCDba8NCkPkpGSa5BWhjyGnF9CkGNzYHmPotQaOpvFK1Zsr5G5iwLltmThMRg" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="264" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Figure 1: Test setup for the speaker.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxiQfVoBuk4Z9cdFvR_97fIpLATg0SS9bxvuKVupkTpj5phfz52NTYReVLDH3VTtjLky2jEONNtLpX0XlCmVA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Fill the following table. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Discuss your results.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Table 1: Write your caption here…</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: -5.75pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="312"></col><col width="312"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Frequency</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Observation</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;">660 Hz</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;">Low pitch sound at E note when using square wave</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;">800 Hz</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;">Low pitch sound </td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;">1000 Hz</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;">Higher than before but still a lower pitched sound</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;">1300 Hz</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;">Pitch continues to increase with the 300 Hz added</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;">1600 Hz</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;">With another 300 Hz added the pitch continued to get higher and louder</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="3" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Add </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">one</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> resistor to the circuit in series with the speaker (first 47 Ω, then 820 Ω). Measure the voltage across the speaker. Briefly explain your observations.</span></div>
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</ol>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> With the resistor added to the circuit in series with the speaker we were able to observe the circuit. With the frequency low the sound was more of a low pitch and as we increased our frequency the pitch began to rise and get louder. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Fill the following table. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Discuss your results.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Table 1: Write your caption here…</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: -5.75pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="211"></col><col width="221"></col><col width="192"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Resistor value</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Oscilloscope output</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Observation</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">47 Ω</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;">The output shows a sine wave with a frequency of 1.58kHz</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;">We hooked both the input and the output up on the oscilloscope and the output has a smaller amplitude </td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">820 Ω</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;">The output of the sine wave got much smaller with the higher resistor added</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;">With both of the inputs and outputs hooked up on the scope it is shown that with the higher resistor added it lowers the amplitude greatly </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="4" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Build the following circuit. Add a resistor in series to the speaker to have an equivalent resistance of 100 Ω. Note that this circuit is a high pass filter. Set the amplitude of the input signal to 8 V. Change the frequency from low to high to observe the speaker sound. You should not hear anything at the beginning and start hearing the sound after a certain frequency. Use 22 nF for the capacitor.</span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img height="107" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/Y56mHpNLEaFHdrtrwTJogHGlUDZYWJhCu60-uHfekQx8bZbpdPoL7gnjse_hxwjOdc50MfHdAvje0FKXtkOhUs6rk2v7sek-cmPEbTvnSRQl17j0qSbnH-PjGTUN4HhUhVmlCaePs2r9CfCilw" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="263" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<div style="line-height: 1.2;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Figure 2: Test setup for the high pass filter.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 1.295; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 1.295; white-space: pre-wrap;">Explain the operation. (video)</span><br />
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High Pass Filter</div>
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High Pass Filter</div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 1.295; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="t1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p1">
Frequency(Hz) </div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p1">
Vout(V)</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p1">
Vout/Vin</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
500</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.003</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.00053</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
1000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.005</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.000884</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
2000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.009</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.001591</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
3000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.012</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.002122</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
4000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.015</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.002652</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
5000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.016</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.002829</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
6000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.017</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.003006</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
7000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.019</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.003359</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
8000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.02</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.003536</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
9000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.017</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.003006</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
10000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.017</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.003006</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
11000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.017</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.003006</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
12000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.015</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.002652</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
13000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.015</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.002652</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
14000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.014</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.002475</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
16000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.011</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.001945</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
20000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.007</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
0.001238</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br /></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Graph 1</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 1.295; white-space: pre-wrap;">What is the cut off frequency by looking at the plot in b</span></li>
</ol>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 18.9934px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
Looking at our graph from excel it is shown that the cutoff frequency of our filter is around 8000 Hz. </div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 18.9934px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 18.9934px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 18.9934px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 18.9934px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 18.9934px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 14.6667px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.295; white-space: pre-wrap;">Draw Vout/Vin with respect to frequency using MATLAB. Your code would look like this;</span></li>
</ol>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Frequency = [ ]; % data points will be in the brackets</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Output = [ ]; % Vout/Vin data points would be in the brackets.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">plot(Frequency, Output, ’o-r’)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">xlabel(‘ ’); %Right your x-axis label in ‘’</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ylabel(‘ ’); %Right your y-axis label in ‘’</span></div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="6" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Calculate the cut off frequency theoretically and compare with one that was found in c.</span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div>
<span style="color: red; font-family: calibri;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<ol start="6" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Explain how the circuit works as a high pass filter.</span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="5" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Design the circuit in 4 to act as a low pass filter and show its operation. Where would you put the speaker? Repeat 4a-g using the new designed circuit (e, f, and g are for blogI).</span></div>
</li>
</ol>
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Low Pass Filter</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Low Pass Filter</span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">For creating the low pass filter the speaker will end up in parallel with the capacitor in order to have the low pass filter properties. </span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="t1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p1">
Low Pass</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p2">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p1">
Frequency</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p1">
Vout </div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p1">
Vout/Vin</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
1000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.336</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.059406</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
3000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.259</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.045792</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
5000</div>
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<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.214</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.037836</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
7000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.172</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.03041</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
10000</div>
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<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.125</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.0221</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
13000 </div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.093</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.016443</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
15000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.077</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.013614</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
17000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.064</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.011315</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
20000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.048</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.008487</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
23000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.035</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.006188</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
25000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.028</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.00495</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
27000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.021</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.003713</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
30000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.013</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.002298</div>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
33000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.007</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.001238</div>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
35000</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.005</div>
</td>
<td class="td1" valign="middle"><div class="p3">
0.000884</div>
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<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">6. </span></span>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Construct the following circuit and test the
speaker with headsets. Connect the amplifier output directly to the headphone
jack (without the potentiometer). Load is the headphone jack in the schematic.
“Speculate” the operation of the circuit with a video.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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With the circuit set up with an amplifier it was possible to put audio into the microphone and with our headphones hooked up we could somewhat hear the music. The music did not come through very clear but it was possible to hear the song. </div>
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<br /></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzWAUwN5cxRDabrFl4bvfRrJucR1WfmlafiZWTHoZlVXixUl-Z9VFVgKSf46TB8VdB1JFRuhTY7FNJVuTutfg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br />
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the amplifier output </div>
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directly to the headphone jack (without the potentiometer). Load is th</div>
<div data-canvas-width="161.91668569368628" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 623.8px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 262.707px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.91043); white-space: pre;">
e headphone jack in the </div>
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schematic. </div>
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Speculate</div>
</div>
<div>
<div data-canvas-width="500.057470337255" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 159.779px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 241.413px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.920271); white-space: pre;">
<span style="font-size: 16.3255px;"> the operation of the circuit with a video.</span>Construct the following circuit and test the speaker with headsets. Connect </div>
<div data-canvas-width="137.42779444137255" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 659.69px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 241.413px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.958796); white-space: pre;">
the amplifier output </div>
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directly to the headphone jack (without the potentiometer). Load is th</div>
<div data-canvas-width="161.91668569368628" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 623.8px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 262.707px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.91043); white-space: pre;">
e headphone jack in the </div>
<div data-canvas-width="74.60699161560784" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 159.779px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 284.002px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.903974); white-space: pre;">
schematic. </div>
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Speculate</div>
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the operation of the circuit with a video. </div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
<br />
<div data-canvas-width="500.057470337255" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 159.779px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 241.413px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.920271); white-space: pre;">
Construct the following circuit and test the speaker with headsets. Connect </div>
<div data-canvas-width="137.42779444137255" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 659.69px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 241.413px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.958796); white-space: pre;">
the amplifier output </div>
<div data-canvas-width="464.07068735062734" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 159.779px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 262.707px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.936879); white-space: pre;">
directly to the headphone jack (without the potentiometer). Load is th</div>
<div data-canvas-width="161.91668569368628" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 623.8px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 262.707px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.91043); white-space: pre;">
e headphone jack in the </div>
<div data-canvas-width="74.60699161560784" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 159.779px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 284.002px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.903974); white-space: pre;">
schematic. </div>
<div data-canvas-width="64.53490730094119" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 241.082px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 284.002px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.889066); white-space: pre;">
Speculate</div>
<div data-canvas-width="274.5836842519215" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 312.417px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 284.002px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.94); white-space: pre;">
the operation of the circuit with a video. </div>
<br />
<div data-canvas-width="500.057470337255" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 159.779px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 241.413px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.920271); white-space: pre;">
Construct the following circuit and test the speaker with headsets. Connect </div>
<div data-canvas-width="137.42779444137255" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 659.69px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 241.413px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.958796); white-space: pre;">
the amplifier output </div>
<div data-canvas-width="464.07068735062734" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 159.779px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 262.707px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.936879); white-space: pre;">
directly to the headphone jack (without the potentiometer). Load is th</div>
<div data-canvas-width="161.91668569368628" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 623.8px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 262.707px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.91043); white-space: pre;">
e headphone jack in the </div>
<div data-canvas-width="74.60699161560784" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 159.779px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 284.002px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.903974); white-space: pre;">
schematic. </div>
<div data-canvas-width="64.53490730094119" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 241.082px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 284.002px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.889066); white-space: pre;">
Speculate</div>
<div data-canvas-width="274.5836842519215" style="background-color: white; color: transparent; cursor: text; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16.3255px; left: 312.417px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0.2; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: 284.002px; transform-origin: 0% 0% 0px; transform: scaleX(0.94); white-space: pre;">
the operation of the circuit with a video. </div>
stockerfinleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18112973923278201247noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6825364000697381835.post-56697601803619944022016-03-10T17:06:00.002-08:002016-03-13T17:00:17.741-07:00<br />
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<br />
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<br /> <b>Week 8</b></h2>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<b> </b>For our Rube Goldberg project we visioned using the circuit setup with a fan to push over the dominoes to create the effect to hit a ball. This ball would then roll down a tube to hit more dominoes to fall further and eventually end at a ball to knock over a set of blocks. After setting everything up we had to eliminate a few things as it was hard to recreate the exact setup we had planned. Our problems throughout the week started with getting the circuit to act how we wanted. Originally we wanted the digital part of the circuit with an OR gate to power the temperature sensor to power the op amp and the relay to start our motor. After spending a lot of time on the circuit, it was finally realized that we had the wrong op amp to make the relay work properly. This was realized the night before and had to rush to get the right op amp resistors correct to increase the temperature on the sensor that starts at around .7 volts to be amplified to the 5.5 volt range to switch the relay. The presentation didn't go as planned for the dominoes as our ball completely bounced over the dominoes. The circuit itself worked as planned until the dominoes didn't apply enough force on the resistor.<br /><br /><br /><br />
<br />
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<br /><iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/IO1Jnjnmti4/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/IO1Jnjnmti4?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<br />stockerfinleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18112973923278201247noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6825364000697381835.post-42500974942578037912016-02-26T06:20:00.000-08:002016-02-28T17:46:10.505-08:00Week 7<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Blogsheet week 7</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Digital Circuits</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Force sensing resistor gives a resistance value with respect to the force that is applied on it. Try different loads (Pinching, squeezing with objects, etc.) and write down the resistance values. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(EXPLAIN with TABLE)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">7 Segment display:</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Check the manual of 7 segment display. Pdf document’s page 5 (or in the document page 4) circuit B is the one we have. Connect pin 3 or pin 14 to 5 V. Connect a 330 Ω resistor to pin 1. Other end of the resistor goes to ground. Which line lit up? Using package dimensions and function for B (page 4 in pdf), explain the operation of the 7 segment display by lighting up different segments. (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EXPLAIN with VIDEO</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Depending on what pin you put the resistor is is what will light up on the 7 segment display. </span></span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dw_KHbvPAwSwwWN5XoAmDBYkU11KPr7u8OEyHwKhvfhEpKnV64SwnaDJwr8FbRtEWAPqCmbB6LhgoDqDHyrKA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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7 Segment Display Light Up</div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Using resistors for each segment, make the display show 0 and 5. (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EXPLAIN with PHOTOs</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></div>
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Segment Display of Zero</div>
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Segment Display of Five</div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Display driver (7447). This integrated circuit (IC) is designed to drive 7 segment display through resistors. Check the data sheet. A, B, C, and D are binary inputs. Pins 9 through 15 are outputs that go to the display. Pin 8 is ground and pin 16 is 5 V. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">By connecting inputs either 0 V or 5 V, check the output voltages of the driver. Explain how the inputs and outputs are related. Provide two different input combinations. (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EXPLAIN with PHOTOs and TRUTH TABLE</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></div>
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Truth Table</div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Binary Input of 0010</span></span></div>
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Binary Input of 0111</div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">UPDATE!</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> You cannot actually measure the output voltages directly (I challenge you to figure out why!). You need to connect an LED and a resistor. LED’s positive terminal will go to 5 V. Negative terminal will be connected to your outputs via a resistor. The circuit would look like below:</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Connect the display driver to the 7 segment display. 330 Ω resistors need to be used between the display driver outputs and the display (a total of 7 resistors). Verify your question 3a outputs with those input combinations. (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EXPLAIN with VIDEO</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></div>
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7 Segment Display Connected to 7447</div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Input Combinations from 3a.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Construct the circuit in Fig. 14 of the 555 timer data sheet. V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">CC</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 5V. No R</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">L</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (no connection to pin 3). R</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">A</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 150 kΩ, R</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">B</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 300 kΩ, and C = 1 µF (smaller sized capacitor). 0.01 µF capacitor is somewhat larger in size. Observe your output voltage at pin 3 by oscilloscope. (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Breadboard and Oscilloscope PHOTOs</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></div>
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Oscilloscope Waveform</div>
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Circuit Layout with 555 Timer</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7IL-1S6OfcBLQgJvQBFUEr02NE0eKbJ0uo83vxh7WHYVtAQ6Qqmki4CnZ9bpNKOnWHS7Y4XTxITLO5xqLoyvu4mbLQ7DlR3zLUK6emUGLWnI24Bwu4vdBEAi-uAIIGL6G9DXju5QVnttJ/s1600/12787500_936735583048624_2051338915_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7IL-1S6OfcBLQgJvQBFUEr02NE0eKbJ0uo83vxh7WHYVtAQ6Qqmki4CnZ9bpNKOnWHS7Y4XTxITLO5xqLoyvu4mbLQ7DlR3zLUK6emUGLWnI24Bwu4vdBEAi-uAIIGL6G9DXju5QVnttJ/s320/12787500_936735583048624_2051338915_o.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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The measured and calculated were fairly similar. The frequency was off more than the duty cycle. The calculated values can be seen above by using the equations written down. </div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Connect the force sensing resistor in series with R</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">A</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. How can you make the circuit give an output? Can the frequency of the output be modified with the force sensing resistor? (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Explain with VIDEO</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> With the force sensing resistor added in series it is possible to get an output and also modify the frequency based on the amount of force added to the sensor. </span></span></div>
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Force Sensor</div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Binary coded decimal (BCD) counter (74192). This circuit generates a 4-bit counter. With every clock change, output increases; 0000, 0001, 0010, …, 0111, 1000, 1001. But after 1001 (which is decimal 9), it goes back to 0000. That way, in decimal, it counts from 0 to 9. Outputs of 74192 are labelled as Q</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">A</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (Least significant bit), Q</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">B</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Q</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">C</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, and Q</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">D</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (Most significant bit) in the data sheet (decimal counter, 74192). Use the following connections: </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">5 V: pins 4, 11, 16. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">0 V (ground): pins 8, 14.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10 µF capacitor between 5 V and ground.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Connect your 555 timer output to pin 5 of 74192. Observe the input and each output on the oscilloscope. (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EXPLAIN with VIDEO and TRUTH TABLE</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></div>
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555 Timer Inputs and Outputs</div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">7486 (XOR gate). Pin diagram of the circuit is given in the logic gates pin diagram pdf file. Ground pin is 7. Pin 14 will be connected to 5 V. There are 4 XOR gates. Pins are numbered. Connect a 330 Ω resistor at the output of one of the XOR gates. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Put an LED in series to the resistor. Negative end of the LED (shorter wire) should be connected to the ground. By choosing different input combinations (DC 0V and DC 5 V), prove XOR operation through LED. (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EXPLAIN with VIDEO</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Based on the table from the 7447 part of the lab it is possible to pre determine when the light will be on based on the truth table. </span></span></div>
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XOR Implementation with 0V and 5V</div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Connect XOR’s inputs to the BCD counters C and D outputs. Explain your observation. (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EXPLAIN with VIDEO</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></div>
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XOR Connected to BCD</div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">For 6b, draw the following signals together: 555 timer (clock), A, B, C, and D outputs of 74192, and the XOR output. (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EXPLAIN with VIDEO</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Connect the entire circuit: Force sensing resistor triggers the 555 timer. 555 timer’s output is used as clock for the counter. Counter is then connected to the driver (Counter’s A, B, C, D to driver’s A, B, C, D). Driver is connected to the display through resistors. XOR gate is connected to the counter’s C and D inputs as well and an LED with a resistor is connected to the XOR output. Draw the circuit schematic. (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">VIDEO and PHOTO</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">The circuit is extremely messy and hard to see but this one was rushed. I had everything done and recorded but my phone broke and I lost all my videos and pictures.</span></span></div>
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Full Circuit </div>
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Full Circuit Schematic(Messy)</div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Using other logic gates provided (AND and OR), come up with a different LED lighting scheme. (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EXPLAIN with VIDEO</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">For the AND gates and with the truth table it is possible to either use C and D or A and B to determine when the light will turn on. For input A and B the light will turn on with an AND gate at 3 and 7. For inputs C and D the light wont turn on as the input never has 1 for C and 1 for D at the same time. </span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">For the OR gate the lights will be off only at 0, 4 and 8 as they have values of 0 for both A and B. </span></span></div>
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AND Gate Inputs AB<br />
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OR Gates input AB</div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div>
stockerfinleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18112973923278201247noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6825364000697381835.post-8187543648953160722016-02-19T04:41:00.000-08:002016-02-22T04:44:24.069-08:00Blog Week 6<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Blogsheet week 6</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Operational Amplifiers</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Explanations of the pin numbers are below:</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 30.25pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><colgroup><col width="117"></col><col width="104"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1: DO NOT USE</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">8: DO NOT USE</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2: Negative input</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">7: +10V</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3: Positive input</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">6: output</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4: -10 V</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 8px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">5: DO NOT USE</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img height="175" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/t9JKewsr9Hu3awX1m5uBRk8ISxz_wrTnTGezuuwVfUBUE7rIL80isLI01w6olv7o7ktDpLUgjgvU6N8Mgn4IQy_zBVrR3WeEJpiFGE3gYUkj61qdFP9yEVx_bULJH1K7HZ6489v74zXAudIElg" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="624" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>1. You will use the OPAMP in “open-loop” configuration in this part, where input signals will be applied directly to the pins 2 and 3. </b></span></div>
<b id="docs-internal-guid-d33ad9c8-e50a-1d13-89e7-764941bdb2f1"><br /></b>
<br />
<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; list-style-type: lower-alpha; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<div style="color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 1.295; text-decoration: none;">
<b><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Apply 0 V to the inverting input. Sweep the non-inverting input (V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">in</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) from -10 V to 10 V with 1 V steps. Take more steps around 0 V (both positive and negative). Create a table for V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">in</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">out</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Plot the data (V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">out</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> vs Vi</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">n</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">). Discuss your results. What would be the ideal plot?
Table One</span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: none; color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 1.295; text-decoration: none;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Vin<!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Vout</b><!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-10 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.719 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-7 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.72 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-5 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.72 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.72 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-1 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.72 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-0.5 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.72 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.72 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0.5 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.44 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.44 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.44 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.44 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
7 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.44 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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10 V</div>
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4.44 V</div>
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<div style="color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 1.295; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Table-1</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0uZwTbC9bsSES-JC20ktJSo4_UiIJBcsCvtn-QIob3XsWaOCCdIprdGwRDSOCfCFzO5Z1ZpNVcZywH0JXvNSnMdGN6R6UHkfb9S2q8SpAIr-FvQzByCLQKa4Ka7HQoa7wI_EvXHaYoXdi/s1600/Graph1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0uZwTbC9bsSES-JC20ktJSo4_UiIJBcsCvtn-QIob3XsWaOCCdIprdGwRDSOCfCFzO5Z1ZpNVcZywH0JXvNSnMdGN6R6UHkfb9S2q8SpAIr-FvQzByCLQKa4Ka7HQoa7wI_EvXHaYoXdi/s320/Graph1.png" width="320" /></a></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 1.295; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20.72px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Graph-1</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<b><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Apply 0 V to the non-inverting input. Sweep the inverting input (V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">in</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) from -10 V to 10 V with 1 V steps. Take more steps around 0 V (both positive and negative). Create a table for V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">in</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">out</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Plot the data (V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">out</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> vs Vi</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">n</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">). Discuss your results. What would be the ideal plot?
Table Two</span></b><br />
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<b>Vin<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Vout</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-10 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.44 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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-7 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.44 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.44 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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-3 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.44 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-1 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.44 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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-0.5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.44 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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0 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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N/A<o:p></o:p></div>
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0.5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.7 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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1 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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-3.7 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3V<o:p></o:p></div>
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-3.7 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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-3.7 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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</tr>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
7 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.7 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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</tr>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
10 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.7 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Table-2</span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5pbpxnsmupB9m3yY1sbONlJ0ZwVi5QDV7N92gzR5ak8-lauc10DZspCJoWPb1OW7r-x8syrtgbc9ZhhN9MVL5yW9BofsN8XEPWyiNPoVPdoF4Cdvtxn1a-VDdvuOYpyE2ayaocm4pP6as/s1600/Graph2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5pbpxnsmupB9m3yY1sbONlJ0ZwVi5QDV7N92gzR5ak8-lauc10DZspCJoWPb1OW7r-x8syrtgbc9ZhhN9MVL5yW9BofsN8XEPWyiNPoVPdoF4Cdvtxn1a-VDdvuOYpyE2ayaocm4pP6as/s320/Graph2.png" width="320" /></a></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Graph-2</span></b></div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<ol start="2" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<div style="color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 1.2; text-decoration: none;">
<b><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Create a non-inverting amplifier. (R</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">2</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 2 kΩ, R</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">1</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 1 kΩ). Sweep V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">in</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> from -10 V to 10 V with 1 V steps. Create a table for V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">in</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">out</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Plot the measured and calculated data together.
Table Three</span></b></div>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Vin<!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Vout<!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Vin<!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Vout</b><!--[endif]--></span><!--[endif]--></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-10 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.61 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0.5 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.48 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-9 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.61 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.966 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-8 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.61 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.2 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-7 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.61 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.2 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-6 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.61 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.2 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-5 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.61 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.2 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-4 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.61 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.2 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.61 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
7 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.2 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-2 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.606 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
8 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.2 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-1 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-2.96 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
9 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.2 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-0.5 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-1.45 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
10 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.2 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 1.2; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Table-3 </span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 1.2; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnMrOOZ1ZLzSxlV0aKKdcTETrPhl2qeR9WQ5bTSc6IxObNLrYlcDMFSIS4FjpgCLtpR7onAlLx4cmp2gNT4SSsKNADnO2GAM70eYW97d3KlwLAGhcmBl0nfGxTNAkuGwEaL6Cinkr8r8Xh/s1600/Graph3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnMrOOZ1ZLzSxlV0aKKdcTETrPhl2qeR9WQ5bTSc6IxObNLrYlcDMFSIS4FjpgCLtpR7onAlLx4cmp2gNT4SSsKNADnO2GAM70eYW97d3KlwLAGhcmBl0nfGxTNAkuGwEaL6Cinkr8r8Xh/s320/Graph3.png" width="320" /></a></span></b></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 17.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Graph-3</b></span></span></div>
<b style="color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 1.2; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">
</span></b></div>
</li>
</ol>
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="3" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<div style="color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 1.2; text-decoration: none;">
<b><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Create an inverting amplifier. (R</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">f</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 2 kΩ, R</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">in</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = 1 kΩ). Sweep V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">in</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> from -10 V to 10 V with 1 V steps. Create a table for V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">in</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">out</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Plot the measured and calculated data together.
Table Four</span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: none; color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 1.2; text-decoration: none;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><b>
Vin
</b></td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><b>Vout
</b></td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><b>Vin
</b></td>
<td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><b>Vout</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.15 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0.5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-0.769 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-4 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.14 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-1.85 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.16 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.56 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-2 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.94 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.54 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-1 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.52 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.56 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-0.5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.13 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.56 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 1.2; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Table-4</span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 1.2; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYt1frqwCJxqmXUpxV02FhcUEXf6zrnmUZUKc-wT6ngYWcV9vKE9PIEehu6FmPYODgfcbbJOGMKiEnvGatIk3sOHi3E7xfQlW1hyphenhyphenO6dcTsxjGtLkg0NyrW-q-5za3Ix-N-Q_ZZ-yg5Pe9Z/s1600/graph4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYt1frqwCJxqmXUpxV02FhcUEXf6zrnmUZUKc-wT6ngYWcV9vKE9PIEehu6FmPYODgfcbbJOGMKiEnvGatIk3sOHi3E7xfQlW1hyphenhyphenO6dcTsxjGtLkg0NyrW-q-5za3Ix-N-Q_ZZ-yg5Pe9Z/s320/graph4.png" width="320" /></a></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 17.6px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Graph-4</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ol>
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<ol start="4" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Explain how an OPAMP works. How come is the gain of the OPAMP in the open loop configuration too high but inverting/non-inverting amplifier configurations provide such a small gain?
</b>An op amp works by taking two input signals and producing an output signal. Ideally, for the op amp, both inputs would be the same, however, as the inputs differ, the amplifier tends to push the output towards infinity. As a result with no resistances or feedback, the gain can seem to change instantaneously. But the Op Amp will still be restricted by laws of conservation.
</span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<div style="line-height: 1.2;">
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 29.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EGR 393 Temperature Controlled LED System</span></div>
<h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 24pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #2e75b5; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Tips:</span></h1>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1. If something is not working, check your connection first.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2. Check the pins carefully, LM35 is VERY easy to be burned if you connect the wrong pins.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3. Read the datasheet carefully.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4. Before starting to connect the circuit, try to sketch it on a paper first, make sure everything is clear.</span></div>
<h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 24pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #2e75b5; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Components:</span></h1>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1. TMP36 Temperature Sensor</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2. Lm324 Operational Amplifier</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3. OMRON G8QN Relay 4. LED</span></div>
<h1 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 24pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #2e75b5; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Procedure:</span></h1>
<div style="line-height: 1.2;">
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /><img alt="Macintosh HD:Users:Katherine:Desktop:Screen Shot 2015-12-07 at 9.09.58 PM.png" height="145" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/1rCJkwzzzewYzWtkbeAUOQPsSlULwTzun4dDTuWsRb1HIcd0V0etN_A_f07Gozgr0P6A5MWZOHDvjJIgxXjCAstYRSrdOU1b4VqA8866QZruwvLYtrDx2da6XMaYXAu5op49VYRQHtsjQNue3Q" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="228" /></b></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">TMP36 Temperature Sensor: Pin layout – look up characteristics to calculate temperature from datasheet (under Bb/Week6).</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></div>
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<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-left: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Temperature Sensor</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Put TMP36 temp sensor on breadboard.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Connect the +V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">S</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> to 5 volts and GND to ground.</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Using a voltage meter, measure the output voltage from the V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">OUT</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Now put your finger (or cover the sensor with your palm) on the TMP36 temperature sensor for a while, observing how the output voltage changes. Check Fig. 6 in the data sheet (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EXPLAIN</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">).
When we measured the voltage of the circuit at room temperature, we saw an output voltage of 0.71 V. When we heated it by hand, however, we saw an output voltage of 0.78 V. That's an increase of 0.07 volts just by covering it with one's hand. </span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Relay (Manual under Bb/Week6)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img alt="Macintosh HD:Users:Katherine:Desktop:Screen Shot 2015-12-07 at 9.33.00 PM.png" height="178" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/Ald06N_qYWECcXIg4ofGfbVo3lM0YcTh1DxkB97mEIy2STRGGOw9DpvVbahLpUTqguDA5C6QSSPiiCc_sIvwSpCYC22YqR9w1AQyodDVhOE2wf-Et2tiUZ0B7MiM6w4v68bwSRhRGXKs6Vtirw" style="border: none; transform: rotate(0rad);" width="212" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pin 1 – Input voltage (amount of voltage sent to pins 3 or 4)</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pin 2 – Power supply </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pin 3 – V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">out</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">in</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> when V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">in</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> > V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">threshold</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pin 4 – V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">out</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> = V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">in</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> when V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">in</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> < V</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: sub; white-space: pre-wrap;">threshold</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pin 5 - GND</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">schematic view is the bottom view!</span></div>
<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><ol style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<b><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Connect your DC power supply to pin 2 and ground pin 5. Set your power supply to 0V. Switch your multimeter to measure the resistance mode; use your multimeter to measure the resistance between pin 4 and pin 1. Do the same measurement between pin 3 and pin 1. Explain your findings (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EXPLAIN</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">). </span></b><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">
Between pins 1 and 4 we saw a resistance of 1 ohm. We saw no available measurement between pins 3 and 1. This makes sense. If the relay is switched to one position, the other should not be conducting between the pins and thus would not give us a resistance.
</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<b><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Now sweep your DC power supply from 0V to 8V and back to 0V. What do you observe at the multimeter (resistance measurements similar to #1)? Did you hear a clicking sound? How many times? What is the “threshold voltage values” that cause the “switching?” (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EXPLAIN with a VIDEO</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">).</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 17.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 17.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 17.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
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Relay Click</div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 17.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b> </b></span></span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<b><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">How does the relay work? Apply a separate DC voltage of 5 V to pin 1. Check the voltage value of pin 3 and pin 4 (each with respect to ground) while switching the relay (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EXPLAIN with a VIDEO</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">).</span></b></div>
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Pin 3</div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
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Pin 4</div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">LED + Relay</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Connect positive end of the LED diode to the pin 3 of the relay and negative end to a 100 ohm resistor. Ground the other end of the resistor. Negative end of the diode will be the shorter wire.</b></span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Apply 3 V to pin 1</b></span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<b><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Turn LED on/off by switching the relay. Explain your results in the video. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Draw</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> the circuit schematic (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">VIDEO</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></b></div>
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LED Light Up</div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 17.6px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
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<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.295; margin-bottom: 8pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Operational Amplifier (data sheet under Bb/week 6)</span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 1.2; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<b><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Connect the power supplies to the op-amp (+10V and -10V). Show the operation of LM 124 operational amplifier in DC mode with a non-inverting amplifier configuration. Choose any opamp in the IC. Method: Use several R1 and R2 configurations and change your input voltage and record your output voltage. (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EXPLAIN with a TABLE</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></b><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">
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<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
R1</div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
R2</div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Vin1</div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Vout1</div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Vin2</div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Vout2</div>
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2KΩ</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1KΩ</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.2 V</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.9 V</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6.5 V</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
8.5 V</div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
120Ω</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1KΩ</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0.76 V</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
7.3 V</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.49 V</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
8.36 V</div>
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<div style="font-weight: 400;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">
We also experimented with a constant input of about 0.8V and a fair amount of different resistors in order to see what differences in voltage we might receive. We kept R2 as a constant 1K<span style="font-size: small; line-height: normal; text-align: center; white-space: normal;">Ω to ensure that we would better understand the changes we made. Our goal was to find about 5.6 V output using around 0.8 V input. We used the following equation to make our estimations.</span>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: 400; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdd6tV09t8FXqTI9j0V7hD6WG71TwyEZw_G75mdwa3ICRj83kD_LK4rhEduC446e7p318f8b2GXpC-JswpLbbfOpxw8vrxrYC6z8JNxTF8-u8q3cI_v-WqpWv_UL0WPigdb6q8B1XQDS6Z/s1600/blog6equation.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="56" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdd6tV09t8FXqTI9j0V7hD6WG71TwyEZw_G75mdwa3ICRj83kD_LK4rhEduC446e7p318f8b2GXpC-JswpLbbfOpxw8vrxrYC6z8JNxTF8-u8q3cI_v-WqpWv_UL0WPigdb6q8B1XQDS6Z/s320/blog6equation.png" width="320" /></a>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">This yielded a experimental R1 of about 160 </span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">Ω. </span><br />
<div style="font-weight: 400;">
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 1.2; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<b><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Use your temperature sensor as your input. Do you think you can generate enough voltage to trigger the relay? (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EXPLAIN</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></b><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">
Not by itself. Even if we got it quite hot, we probably couldn't generate the right amount of voltage. The way to solve this is to use both the temperature sensor and the op amp. We did this using different values of resistance for R1. Our calculation in the previous task was a step in the right direction, however, we found that our output voltage while the temperature sensor was at room temperature was still too high. In order to solve this, we made R2 slightly bigger. At 150 </span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">Ω we were able to make it work and at 180 </span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">Ω we were able to make the relay trigger comfortably. </span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<b style="color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 1.38; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Design a system where LED light turns on when you heat up the temperature sensor. (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">CIRCUIT schematic and explanation in a VIDEO</span></b><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 1.38; white-space: pre-wrap;">)
</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkfa17SUsKqreoa-GtGpt1vm-9HZ6GFpb9nE_MYBIdHIU9IREPwRk7LZzbw48V8PSGJTx7PvGMvrtHmEi_NyB4XXwMpbqX8hCzLvvUU2xNYUxeMxAMjyYB2omzQZqYyJO6btMumxVWUm2G/s1600/Schematic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none; white-space: pre-wrap;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkfa17SUsKqreoa-GtGpt1vm-9HZ6GFpb9nE_MYBIdHIU9IREPwRk7LZzbw48V8PSGJTx7PvGMvrtHmEi_NyB4XXwMpbqX8hCzLvvUU2xNYUxeMxAMjyYB2omzQZqYyJO6btMumxVWUm2G/s320/Schematic.jpg" width="320" /></a>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 20.24px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
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</ol>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri";">Here's an image of one potential circuit that could be used to light the LED. We didn't build this exact circuit, however, the same (but more complex) idea can be seen in the next video. We set the temperature sensor to supply an input voltage to the OP amp which then amplified the voltage high enough to switch the relay which connected the LED through a 100 Ohm resistor to ground. </span></div>
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<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: calibri; font-size: 14.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.2; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.3800000000000001; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">BONUS!</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Show the operation of the entire circuit. (</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: red; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">VIDEO</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "calibri"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyaCIfMsWsvcEGHNcisGHyXZjl4zb8PEi4ntnnBjPGTX0FuljLxguMxOyDkbHjaFs-U_s2GWYyBF2tzWaeJPQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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stockerfinleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18112973923278201247noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6825364000697381835.post-1140663551252661012016-02-12T05:48:00.001-08:002016-02-14T21:39:20.958-08:00Blog week 5<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Blog sheet week 5<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Functional check: Oscilloscope manual page 5.
Perform the functional check (photo).</b><o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Perform manual probe compensation (Oscilloscope
manual page 8) (Photo of overcompensation and proper compensation).</b><o:p></o:p><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
Overcompensation</div>
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBbsdPRNgptKJKun0VAvWNI-_MSClaYqHLBoxGAbxkfjiiyfVAtH5Ej3dcVM9NHUMSFbOGPQ5BvzwkwjfSj4DkYYmsSE9p_LBxnHLj3L828DsU4D9Cuh7EC0eOXJOCgEdooLGT044hQW-X/s1600/IMG_5317.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBbsdPRNgptKJKun0VAvWNI-_MSClaYqHLBoxGAbxkfjiiyfVAtH5Ej3dcVM9NHUMSFbOGPQ5BvzwkwjfSj4DkYYmsSE9p_LBxnHLj3L828DsU4D9Cuh7EC0eOXJOCgEdooLGT044hQW-X/s320/IMG_5317.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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Undercompensation</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiREqawHUcWbzrL1RXsx3LpeA-BQsDkbPOi7yh0OeDEl7smD6PgReZCgDbk7oRpAiBuij5c3lIv16TvDDXj_2dTPfMdXvjsAy8RjAL806Iy_8S4XdnNj5vszveedUXPFFxVZf-TMT72HiYb/s1600/IMG_5391.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiREqawHUcWbzrL1RXsx3LpeA-BQsDkbPOi7yh0OeDEl7smD6PgReZCgDbk7oRpAiBuij5c3lIv16TvDDXj_2dTPfMdXvjsAy8RjAL806Iy_8S4XdnNj5vszveedUXPFFxVZf-TMT72HiYb/s320/IMG_5391.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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Proper Compensation</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj41zKwwsMeNoHh-8W7pIV_NxQqMt6dXVggcwF9POBK6o1XskhLE6n8PvgSpA-NpfB2h2bF4fwLZajU0Xn2ws1ektdR3PZHW7fob5kHxc1oHzcLHiO8q5oBECNXsmg1QCUhNOtwNRAH-97n/s1600/IMG_5316.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj41zKwwsMeNoHh-8W7pIV_NxQqMt6dXVggcwF9POBK6o1XskhLE6n8PvgSpA-NpfB2h2bF4fwLZajU0Xn2ws1ektdR3PZHW7fob5kHxc1oHzcLHiO8q5oBECNXsmg1QCUhNOtwNRAH-97n/s320/IMG_5316.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What does probe attenuation (1x vs 10x) do
(Oscilloscope manual page 9)?</b><o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
The attenuation factor affects the vertical scale of the signal. When the probe is set to the 1X setting the bandwidth is limited to only 7Mhz. By switching to the 10X setting it is possible to get the full bandwidth of the probe.<br />
<b><br /></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->How do vertical and horizontal controls work?
Why would you need it (Oscilloscope manual pages 34-35)?<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<br />
For the horizontal position on the oscilloscope it establishes the time between the trigger and the screen center. For the vertical controls we are able to scale the waveforms for volts/div on channels 1,2,3 and 4. Also the vertical position of the waveform can be adjusted with the controls.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Generate a 1 kHz, 1 Vpp around a DC 2 V from the
function generator (use the output connector). DO NOT USE oscilloscope probes for the function generator. There is
a separate BNC cable for the function generator.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Connect this to the oscilloscope and verify the
input signal using the horizontal and vertical readings (photo).<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhix1WjmqI2dR8QNCioneGVL42KPWe0MfqwPKZtT9_19Cp6lGO315iZlmnMnZ0iV-_wIW__ChRqhIfWFqc7egoBXOcYQ9PZIxaFNYPbC_95_nkuanVCaX8CIYGNsNu92Skb4YXbUZHV0NPO/s1600/IMG_5320.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhix1WjmqI2dR8QNCioneGVL42KPWe0MfqwPKZtT9_19Cp6lGO315iZlmnMnZ0iV-_wIW__ChRqhIfWFqc7egoBXOcYQ9PZIxaFNYPbC_95_nkuanVCaX8CIYGNsNu92Skb4YXbUZHV0NPO/s320/IMG_5320.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Figure out how to measure the signal properties
using menu buttons on the scope.<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><br />
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
The menu buttons allow us to see the frequency, period, voltages and more.<br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Connect function generator and oscilloscope
probes switched (red to black, black to red). What</b><br />
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><b>happens? Why?</b><br /><br />No signal displays on the oscilloscope. The signal is no longer travelling through the scope, but rather, is being passed to ground. </span><br />
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span>
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span>
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span>
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span>
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->After calibrating the second probe, implement the
voltage divider circuit below. Measure the following voltages using the
Oscilloscope and comment on your results:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
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mso-wrap-style:square;mso-width-percent:0;mso-height-percent:0;
mso-wrap-distance-left:9pt;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:9pt;
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->V<sub>a</sub> and V<sub>b</sub> at the same time
(Photo)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Voltage across R<sub>4</sub>.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheJu3WrBnc8VXBlfZN-2V4nUDuVwq_nGBbXtxaCj932r2MapmX2QBoqzRt7l3Wh23NnOVOA3GCLorvxBVMVDk4FL5pIFDx1ejz8QzH7kaysf29HU81yv4rsteb5cYX9U3kTUC4NGJBJcEb/s1600/IMG_5323.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheJu3WrBnc8VXBlfZN-2V4nUDuVwq_nGBbXtxaCj932r2MapmX2QBoqzRt7l3Wh23NnOVOA3GCLorvxBVMVDk4FL5pIFDx1ejz8QzH7kaysf29HU81yv4rsteb5cYX9U3kTUC4NGJBJcEb/s320/IMG_5323.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
The resistance across R4 was measured at 240mv-119mV giving a value of 121mV.</div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->For the same circuit above, measure V<sub>a</sub>
and V<sub>b</sub> using the handheld DMM both in AC and DC mode. What are your
findings? Explain.<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>AC</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Va= .092mV</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Vb=0.182mV</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>DC</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Va=17.8 mV</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Vb=34.2mV</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
The measurements from the circuit for Vb are about double the measurement of Va. Since the resistors are the same they will use the same amount of voltage. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->9.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"><b> </b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->For the circuit below<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Calculate R so given voltage values are
satisfied. Explain your work (video)<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyrqyCCm81UC4wFURtNp7Fzvv_cM8dUQowBGIKwyrTabO59AKL24EjRdTCb8U-oABEHGUjTIk_pHm_b25nngg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Hand Calculation </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Converting the 5V rms to peak voltage it is possible to calculate the resistance so the voltage values are satisfied at 6.07k. </div>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Construct the circuit and measure the values
with the DMM and oscilloscope (video). Hint: 1kΩ cannot be probed directly by
the scope. But R6 and R7 are in series and it does not matter which one is
connected to the function generator. <o:p></o:p></b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Circuit DMM reading</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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Oscilloscope Reading<br />
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<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Operational amplifier basics: Construct the
following circuits using the pin diagram of the opamp. The half circle on top
of the pin diagram corresponds to the notch on the integrated circuit (IC).
Explanations of the pin numbers are below:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
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<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b>1: DO NOT USE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b>8: DO NOT USE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>2: Negative input<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
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<b>7: +10V<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>3: Positive input<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b>6: output<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
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<b>4: -10 V<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>5: DO NOT USE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
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</tbody></table>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Inverting amplifier: R<sub>in</sub> = 1kΩ, R<sub>f</sub>
= 5kΩ (do not forget -10 V and +10
V). Apply 1 V<sub>pp</sub> @ 1kHz. Observe input and output at the same time.
What happens if you slowly increase the input voltage up to 5 V? Explain your
findings. (Video)<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<br />
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Inverting Amplifier </div>
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Inverting Amplifier Waveform</div>
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Slowly increasing the voltage will saturate the circuit and the waveform will begin to square off. </div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Non-inverting amplifier: R<sub>1</sub> = 1kΩ, R<sub>2</sub>
= 5kΩ (do not forget -10 V and +10
V). Apply 1 V<sub>pp</sub> @ 1kHz. Observe input and output at the same time.
What happens if you slowly increase the input voltage up to 5 V? Explain your
findings. (Video)</b><o:p></o:p><br />
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Non Inverting Amplifier </div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxRlJR6xCnGNQX5zwDWsI-P9QvgMpV0V0rkdGAiXKQ7-u47G-VIUzA_ZR9YMbVfeXMoTOMQEy2aqqLx2hTgVg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe><br />
Non Inverting Amplifier Waveform<br />
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<span style="text-align: center;">Slowly increasing the voltage will saturate the circuit and the waveform will begin to square off. </span><b><br /></b>
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stockerfinleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18112973923278201247noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6825364000697381835.post-57180444352114251782016-02-05T05:42:00.003-08:002016-02-08T04:55:59.904-08:00Blog Week 4In this week's activities, we will be using transistors to breadboard simple circuits. <br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->(Table and graph) Use the transistor by itself.
The goal is to create the graph for I<sub>C</sub> (y axis) versus V<sub>BE</sub>
(x axis). Connect base and collector. Use 10K potentiometer to generate the
voltage. Use 5 V but <b>DO NOT EXCEED 1 V
for V<sub>BE</sub></b>. Make sure you have the required voltage value set
before applying it to the base. Transistor might get really hot. <b>Do not TOUCH THE TRANSISTOR</b>! Make sure
to get enough data points to graph. (Suggestion: measure for V<sub>BE</sub> =
0V, 0.5V, and 1V and fill the gaps if necessary by taking extra measurements).
The circuit should look like below:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0UaHYhQ2rtemlAILQ3pp3CRKoHexZWA0GbCXdSyYWBrXLN1UHdOsw4Kve2vGw-fMRMG1EcRiH695_XinHIp-4ntRHRBntboyGK7KWjDMNvZRNHCk9vwxcOJWxhIueHfnJAUCeb7DI_s9p/s1600/lab4.1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0UaHYhQ2rtemlAILQ3pp3CRKoHexZWA0GbCXdSyYWBrXLN1UHdOsw4Kve2vGw-fMRMG1EcRiH695_XinHIp-4ntRHRBntboyGK7KWjDMNvZRNHCk9vwxcOJWxhIueHfnJAUCeb7DI_s9p/s320/lab4.1.PNG" width="320" /> </a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Circuit 1</span><br />
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<img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" 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hXVFUE/sU2whEWUI1PeLi16OV46NU6OYzhEOaDM26VFb5GzdGp8t1pVXRF01TfK2dsTkMrf7PDJubP0H8co8uztCcSvcmvOn+M0O8SImGAB4tbR7JAcx+iIciA++43Gi5kCTWshHFEOxIRmh5CHKAfisFevP5uc8HL85bWrqitCqhDlgHQdTWtpdgjhiHJArt1q9fGZ016Ob91dUF0RUogoByTarVZpdogYEOWALB3NDquPllVXhNQiygEpPpTLNK1FbIhyQLyOZocfymXVFSHliHJAsHelEk1rETOiHBjJfqOxvbH+fu3ppjVfuTXnv3mcZoeIDVEOhNId2WsXznup3X08PnOaHEdsiHIgIGpk9zzWLpynSRbiRJQjo4REtjsb/mxy4vn0pU1rfuvuwvbGOpPjiB9RjgzZq9df37lNZCN9iHJkwm616ty47t3oTWQjZYhypNxOpeJvEU5kI5XY2xOp9a5U8t8a6B7PJifelUqqSwMEY29PpM1+o/F2adHfxMo9XswU+NQl0ooJFqRHo1bbtOZXT57wJ/jysSPOjevc4o10I8qRBrvV6strV72Py7vH6skTr+/c5v5uZAFRDr1tb6w/n77U/UlLOoMjU4hy6Kr6aLn7DvH1qYu0k0UGEeXQzH6jsXV3oXtVs3zlcpbvJqxu/9/Gj7XuY+n7n//ysNJ9zC68mPzzWvfx1ezqL6aWJB1fza4uff+z6qcqnYhyCFb57//tmSk9A+XGg5fhA+WLP9z9+jdTD44c9Sf4gyNHv/7N1Bd/uCsvgDgEHkcv/V31KzSdiPIkkpeGmh4nJ25f/fWFjsvwhc/GLv7TzLF/vae8PI7wxx+/435QKYjyYWjxn9l0HP/yuxtzX/5zR4j/5xe//v25q8prS9Txq28e9XyNzfz1ec/X5P0nb3q+ht/8Dzf8aElylNtmrs0oOqMUFBUXtqoO89tSzyfzz0tO9zN/Z+XHfoHydmnxybmzHSH+fPrS9sa6kFcIkCZSo9w2vQB3ika4MI90lrVX71OZtqLSMOK/lxg7lcr2xnr3sWnNdx/OjevPJie6j+6P+ZSvXOZjPkA/MqPcNnOm7f8qTJZHOsu//9tfFj4bG6JhKYcux+rJE5vWfKNWi/baAzJGYpQ7RcMf5U7R6BfllmXl2wqFQj607z77XHnWcEg6Hnx+9D/O/fbr6enwrwekzLfffhspc7Isn4QoH+UsUUkdX9/BZY9P8arGp/iMiC/KZUywDEHfVx7PjKrxKV7V+ER5eBKjPLDUKWfZcwj6vvJ4ZlSNT/GqxifKw5MZ5c3AzYi+C/RBrl27FvksUUgdX9/BZY9P8arGp/iMkBzlAAD5iHIA0F7fKFe1tycAIKp80vb2BABExQQLAGiPKAcA7RHlAKA9ohwAtEeUA4D2NI9y2wz/OdLhBo+wa0YUTtGIuCfH8GcR/fz4apf27Ef/mHDkcWVVH327laEGFzp298+R2O+i58+p1B/e7NE4ym0zlzPtYFN0ocO3XsKh28cMM3hn0zGRnKJhFIvinx+JJbvcf1mJJ/BOI/4sHdutCD2Bf0Bxz1Gvn6NhNo2JMr7sH94s0jjKXTG8GkK25x1OyIaR0bWqlvD8yI7yeH7AJX0XEqM8OJ7gF07gSR9q05gI4w98EMMhyg8l5Wf+YJJCTvXe24+kKJc4Q+EUDcMwJJ6g2WxKfAuV+E8buBIX/LL0v06G22kg/PiDH8RwiPJDyL4ElTF94y9a7vMjYyok8IxLmmuRO62Vy5m2nGWK4FS/rKtyolxHRPkgUnK2k4Trw87FPXnfhITiu+YRpExoy1uuPXg+pF4GCH5iBkQ5EyxaIMoHjSxxaNnXnb1OJWV0OZNPrUHlvJfKm1wJDi33FST81p6D8YbaNCbC+AMfxHA0jnJ5/9lsNjvvuBP9I+kfXe6LWcJPi/+JlzbTL3UuXva7m6QXpZxXTe+fI3F3g/YcX+4PbyZpHOUAABdRDgDaI8oBQHtEOQBojygHAO2xtycAaI+9PQFAe0ywAID2iHIA0B5RDgDaI8oBQHtEOQBoL0KUz87O5gEAyTM7Oxs2ypPp1Q8V1SWMhPrVon61qF82ojwm1K8W9atF/bIR5TGhfrWoXy3ql40ojwn1q0X9alG/bER5TKhfLepXi/plI8pjQv1qUb9a1C/b/wNwB5K8HM6CeAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" 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<span style="font-size: x-small;"> Table 1 </span> <span style="font-size: x-small;"> Graph 1</span><br />
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> <b>
</b></span><!--[endif]--><b>(Table and graph) Create the graph for I<sub>C</sub>
(y axis) versus V<sub>CE</sub> (x axis). Vary VCE from 0 V to 5 V. Do this
measurement for 3 different VBE values: 0V, 0.7V, and 0.8V. The circuit should
look like below:</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR5kxXGgG2x3OgAZZuIFHmVfXNh3SRMAH6ZVppqzlYu6QAHYmKNLoD8TslZJY9bdI1UT9FWOEZkVM0RusG3K_80ZN2gHoQ-kakiRLGP_1qkgdkcVYt7pThhNehwjICoSW7XjTbaZN57i3G/s1600/Lab4.2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR5kxXGgG2x3OgAZZuIFHmVfXNh3SRMAH6ZVppqzlYu6QAHYmKNLoD8TslZJY9bdI1UT9FWOEZkVM0RusG3K_80ZN2gHoQ-kakiRLGP_1qkgdkcVYt7pThhNehwjICoSW7XjTbaZN57i3G/s320/Lab4.2.PNG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br />
Circuit 2</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a> <br />
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<img alt="" 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/> <img alt="" height="192" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAfAAAAErCAIAAACuN0ZdAAAWT0lEQVR4nO3d/28Td57Hcf9d/gvQUkWlzUZLDx1bTgy3x3FiS0Wja5q7hqx9cCJ4+dJTkYBe6XSv9LRUaplqiTabRpGFglWUcL0IXEMFLevrRuF6GCErinw/jD3+zHg88Xz9zHzm+dD8AJNk/LY9eXnymXnPp9DJjvvfNmSXEAr1y0X9clF/AgqyC/AhEy+oB+qXi/rlov4EEOjJoX65qF8u6k8AgZ4c6peL+uWi/gS4B/qlS5dKAID0uXTp0tBAv/9tY3AplUqxfYQAAIIrlUquuX3/24b7ETqBDgDp5JHPBDoAZAmBDgCKINABQBEEOgAogkAHAEUQ6ACgCAIdABRBoAOAIiIO9HqlWOgqVuq9tYZWGFzruhIAEFS0gW5ovWyuV4oFzeiuLIhrzX+7rgQABBfXkEs/sA2tl+zCeteVAIAQYhty6eW1cKje/W+xUndd6bpBXdetG4mdOnUq7nuVAUgPXdc90gaDSjEdoVvjKCEDPcBDA0A+xRXo1jiKI7vNta4rw9QKAIg00MWRcUPrDruI5zxtx+2+T4oS6ADgIdojdOGqRccR+OBa15VBawUAxDfkEj0CHQA8EOgAoAivQE/bnKIEOgB4KGVoTlECHQA8MOQCAIog0AFAEQQ6ACiCQAcARRDoAKAIAh0AFEGgA4AiCHQAUASBDgCKINABQBEEOgAogkAHAEUQ6ACgCAIdABRBoAOAIgh0AFAEgQ4AiiDQAUARzCkKAIpgTlEAUARDLgAk2KjdvjN5/PsbX8guRCkEOgAJlvftXdi9a3HPmOxClEKgA0jai2ZzYfeuhd27libGZdeiFAIdQNKezN80A311ekp2LUoh0AEkrX7xfTPQH+hXZdeiFAIdQNJWjhw2A32jdlt2LUoh0AEkarvdNtN8YfeurVZLdjlKIdABJOrp2qqZ5itHDsuuRTVRB7qhFUzFSr27ql4pFvo0w/md4vcGrRVAVnx37RMz0NfPnJZdi2qiDXRD62ZzvVK0YrpeKfZjvP+dtq+PFOkEOqCAu7MzZqA/mb8puxbVxDXkUq8UvQLd0MRVQroHrBVAVixNjJuB/qzRkF2LamIKdDHEbUMu5kpHxgvp76TreqmnXC6XAGTZ6elpM81vjr204zfruj5C2qCvFEeguw6ydDrmuLlm+Al0vw8NIM1oKYpV9IHuOSTeHVxxBDpDLkBO0FIUq4gDvXcIvtOXnSdNOSkK5AItRbGKNNDtFyj2ol24PtFxWO6yNmCtANKPlqK4xTKGHhMCHcg0WoriRqADSAgtRXHzCnTmFAUQIVqK4lZiTlEAyaClKG4MuQBIArMUJYBAB5AEWooSQKADSAItRQkg0AEkgZaiBBDoAGJHS1EyCHQAsaOlKBkEOoDY0VKUDAIdQOxoKUoGgQ4gdrQUJYNABxAvWooSQ6ADiBctRYkh0AHEi5aixBDoAOJFS1FiCHQAMaKlKEkEOoAY0VKUJAIdQIxoKUoSgQ4gRrQUJYlABxAjWoqSxJyiAOJCS1HCmFMUQFxoKUoYQy4A4kJLUcIIdABxoaUoYQQ6gFjQUpQ8Ah1ALGgpSh6BDiAWtBQlj0AHEAtaipJHoAOIBS1FySPQAUSPliIpog50QyuYipX64EpxtevKoLUCSBVaiqSINtANrZvN9UrRimlDs/7ZX+26MnitAFKFliIp4hpyqVeK3ZA2tIJmWOu7Qe66MkStAFKFliIpYgr0eqXYTez+v3pfKFbqritdN6TreqmnXC6XAKTev8zOWi1Fp06cCLwdXddHSBv0leIIdDGvQwa634cGIB0tRbJEH+iOIXFHdpujK64rw9QKID1oKZIl4kA3tIKY1J2OPeCtf7uuDFErgPSgpUiWSAO9XikWRL1oF65Q7Ke968qgtQJID1qKZIllDD0mBDqQfrQUSUSgA4gSLUUSeQU6c4oC8IuWIolKzCkKIEK0FEnEkAuAyDBLkVwEOoDI0FIkF4EOIDK0FMlFoAOIDC1FchHoACJDS5FcBDqAaNBSJB2BDiAatBRJR6ADiAYtRdIR6ACiQUuRdAQ6gAjQUpQGBDqACNBSlAYEOoAI0FKUBgQ6gAjQUpQGBDqACNBSlAYEOoCwaClKCQIdQFi0FKUEgQ4gLFqKUoJABxAWLUUpwZyiAEKhpSg9mFMUQCi0FKUHQy4AQqGlKD0IdACh0FKUHgQ6gFBoKUoPAh1AcLQUpQqBDiA4WooCqVeKmjH0q4ZWrNQDbZdABxBcLluK6pViwZbHhlbwFcGGVtAMj+10v+4fgQ4guHy2FDmSOGCee2wnaKIT6AACSnNLUe3+xutzyz+bno9qeX1uef7rH7pbtyWxPc8NrdBVrNQ79Uqx+79+QAvfP2w7A8fuI4oh0A3NVrzwjGzPqv+0R/1wI9CBVElzS1G0aW4uL8/8sbd5IXFteW4P93ql2PufcMwtHn57bCcFgW5ohYJm2Gtx/axxfBaNFOkEOpAqaW4purb0MPJAP//5ev8BejHnnefCwWzvK4PjLIPb8T2K0xXLkMvOgW7/jhFrJ9CBVMl3S5GZYl5ZNmTgxHH07badlByhu9Vi+5RyPRUg/F3ipOt6qadcLpcApMbNsZfMQP/t22/HsX1d13dMG4kMrVAs2iPbMd7gnujOI9gh20lpoNu/4Ha1jkeg+31oAMmgpWjgfGGnYzuAtZ8U9RggH9xOqq5yGV5M96Mp2EU/BDqQHrQUBbdTXqfrOvQdj9Btf5hwUhTIoFy2FEXFO7ED53kcV7k4T+qK6+yH5S5rA9YKIGH5bClKuViO0GNCoAMpkeaWojwj0AH4luaWojzzCnTmFAXgKs0tRXlWYk5RAH7lu6UovRhyAeDPs0Zjcc8YsxSlEIEOwIetVqt6YL+Z5rVjR2WXAxsCHYAPdyaPm2m+vG9ve3NTdjmwIdABjMpqJlrcM/Z0bVV2OXAi0AGM5Mdq1br2/NFn12WXAxcEOoCdPX/8yDoRyqWKqUWgA9iBeCJ05cjh7XZbdkVwR6AD2MHq9JR1p9wXzabscjAUgQ7AywP9qjV0zolQn+qVYsD7JnY6nU7H0HzOQ0egAxhKPBH63bVPZJeTIiNNy+P7PrjOqS78boBAB+Du+eNHSxPjZprfnZ2RXU66jBLofuO4XikWNc11CukREegAXGy1WrcOHTTT/Nahg5wIdegHen9qB0fCi1OxGVqxUtGsCSC6P2P/AXOT9vncfE4uSqADcGHdfmtpYvz540eyy/Fto3bbujInkqV6YL94J7JeoHtMoCkeXRuabcafYqU+fG5l21G5v0N0Ah2Ak3V33IXdu36sVmWXE0S0aW71x1rb78avR57b8rqfy8Jq27CN8B/7of1oM3SaCHQANhu121aEZXe+UPEzKarl3oVz1vZ3DnTnEbp3oNun7+yPxnCEDiCoF82mdSJ0dXpKdjnp1Q1jrznuHQfanoHu+GCw/ssYOoBgtttt60Ro9cB+Jgv1YIVxvVIcclJUPLreIdAHDvR7K7jKBUAw1onQxT1jWTwRmjq+r0MPuwHmFAXQ6XQ6jz67nvUToekTMtF9/zhzigLoPF1btdK8fvF92eUgIIZcgLwTT4TemTwuuxwER6ADubbdbq8cOcyJUDUQ6ECurZ85bZ0I/Wl9XXY5CIVAB/JLPBEq9rUjowh0IKeerq1as8pxIlQNBDqQRy+azeV9e800rx07ys0U1UCgA7mz3W7Xjh0103x539725qbsihANAh3InXsXznEiVEkxBLpzEiXbfcT69ytwXRm0VgAj+v7GF9aJ0EefXZddDqIUcaAbWqGgGfZ+VeG2M/07k7muDF4rgFGIc4SunzktuxxELJYhF48JN7pBPjTyA9YKYEcbtdvWZS2cCFVS7IHuOsvSsKmXBum6Xuopl8slAIH89u23b469ZKb5l6++fOrECdkV7UzX9R3TBqJSygPd70MDGCTeraV6YP+LZlN2RYhF0oFujq64rgxTK4BhXjSb1gSbSxPjzxoN2RUhLrEHuu2cp/Vv15UhagXgaqvVsu69xUWKyos40O0TnQrT5fXYTpYOrgxaK4BBYgPR4p6xjdpt2RUhXrEcoceEQAdGt91ur05Pce+tXCHQATVZ98WlgSg/vAKdOUWBjKpffN9K8wf6VdnlICEl5hQFFPNAv0o7aD4x5AIo5cn8TSvN787OyC4HiSLQAXWIt2pZnZ6iuT9vCHRAEeKtWlaOHGa65xwi0AEVPGs0xOZ+0jyfCHQg87hVC0wEOpBt3KoFFgIdyDBu1QIRgQ5kFbdqgQOBDmQSt2rBIAIdyCRu1YJBBDqQPdyqBa4IdCBjuFULhiHQgSzhVi3wQKAD2bDdbosjLdyqBYMIdCAD2pub1hWKC7t31Y4dpbkfgwh0IO1+Wl9f3rfXSvN7F85xbA5XBDqQao8+u25F+eKeMa43hwcCHUiprVbrm5NlK82rB/ZznxZ4Y05RII2eP35069BBK83vTB5n0Bw7Yk5RIHV+rFat2+HSOoTRMeQCpIt4beLSxPiP1arsipAZBDqQFlut1p3J41aarxw5/PzxI9lFIUsIdCAVHNcmfnOyzLWJ8ItAB+T7/sYX1vzOi3vGuHsigiHQAZm2223x2sTlfXuZdQiBEeiANC+aTWsCObOhv725KbsoZBiBDsjhuDaxfvF9Bs0REoEOSCDe03xxz1jzq0XZFUEFCQR6vVIs9GlGd7WhWeuKlXrIWoGs2Gq1xLlAbx06SEM/opJQoFsx3mNoVozXK8XRIp1AR9Y9azSqB/aLM1TQ0I8ISQp0QxNXCenuhUBHpn137RPr2kQa+hGHpIdczBh3ZHy9UhwW6Lqul3rK5XIJyKDzbx2/Mf6KFeU3x146/9Zx2UVlgK7rPtMm70qJnhQ1NDPSRw/0yB4akKG9uXl3dsaKcrOh/0WzKbsuqCnZQO8NrjgCnSEXqGe73X6gXxXHWJYmxr+79onsuqAyOUfothOhnBSFcjZqt8WTn+a9WWgaQtwSCHTh+kTHYbnL2oC1Ainx/PEj8apEc4yFbn4kI+Ehl1AIdKTZVqvV+OCyY4zl+xtfyK4LOUKgAxFofrUo3vx2YfeuexfOcY05EuYV6MwpCuzoWaMhzkph3mOL5k9IUWJOUSCYrVZLnC7OvPktd2WBRAy5AEF8f+ML8V6JC7t3NT64zBgL5CLQAX9+Wl+vHTsqRvnq9BSTfyINCHRgVO3NzfUzp8Uorx7Y/2O1KrsuoItAB0byZP6mOMayuGfsgX6VKSmQKgQ6sLMn8zfFA/O7szPcjwUpRKADO9io3Rbno9io3ZZdEeCOQAe8bNRuW82fK0cOcx0L0oxAB4YS07x6YD9310LKEeiAu2eNhpjmDJoj/Qh0wMWzRsO6poU0R1YQ6ICTmOZLE+M0DSErCHTA5kWzad03cWlinNtsIUMIdKDvRbNpzTREmiNzCHSgS0zzxT1jT9dWZVcE+EOgA51Op7PVat06dNBKc7qHkEUEOtDZarVWjhwmzZF1BDryTkzzhd27mKEC2UWgI9e2221xArkn8zdlVwQEx5yiyK/tdnt1eoo0hzKYUxQ55Ujz7659IrsiICyGXJBT35wsW2n+QL8quxwgAgQ68kicSY40hzIIdOSOmOb3LpyTXQ4QGQId+dL44LKV5utnTssuB4gSgY4ceaBfJc2hMAIdeSGm+er0lOxygOgR6MFtPmuvPdxce7g5//UPHy00PlponPz07uSVmrl8tNBYXPvz+uP/lV2mmsxX3lqst8BarDfCXM5PvWelefX45Ha7LfsZKMjvmzJ5pTb/9Q+yq1YKgT7U47+0zP3y2tJDcXd84+LKz6bnfS1//96tE79b/WihUbu/8fgv7rMMP11bfbq2+kC/2vjg8p3J4+EX68aBLOJy+bVfjU19OeKbkh+NP/+fI44dWXzxy3uOLH59btnvL8Lg8vLMH2U/daXIC3RDK/QUK/VRfiLAQ8vaTT2WX7758aFfX37vH89+/M7cH44cWz76xp96E1eyxL38x8//2kxz12XySm3u+jfXlh6uPdzcfJbQIXwKd9Ekl5Of3k3mdc4JWYFuaFaM1yvF0SLd+6Fr9zcS3tFfn1s2f8EufnnP/N2zfier//0/v7u+Mnf6P8tvvTd78N1/23f0w18c/PzlV6UnWp6Xr/7h6Mdf/tc7V7/WzlZHeX9/XvqT+ebeWHm89nCzvbU9uNf5HWRQKYsHlzcurohP9uSndx2vRu3+hvhy8YdR5CQFuqEVNEP83yiJ7v3QJ9796PorE9JTI/Dy4S8OXn7tV7MH3/1n7TeHfn35l29+LP33M6ZFO1t1xNyV+br4a28eI8f9m2/m75X5+uSV2l+d+kr6y8KbgvDkBHq9UhQDvV4pDgt0XddLPeVyuTTc569k4/j384nxz17be0k7fP7QG1Nv/OuxN8+/NP2HZH5pX/2nz1979/fios18+Lcz/24tfzdz5a3Zc+Lyzm/mPF5zlZwonXpr9tzhmUt/M/Pxa+/+njclDc6ePRs+bXKllPJAj/ahIymeMiiDMjJURq6kItAjGXIZhUq7KWVQBmXAQU6g206ERnRSdBQq7aaUQRmUAQdJgd6xXbYoHKx7uXDhQsjHDL8FyqAMyshWGbkiL9ABAJEi0AFAEV6BnrY5RQEAHkoZmlMUAOCBIRcAUASBDgCKINABQBEEOgAogkAHAEWoFeiGNnrf6bAf9zHjhpt6pehz3g6v7QR9LkIVIbbiv5l36M9HspHgL2h/I/63MbhT+S3Jdbf0u696lDHicxrYQpB9dUjZPnZX5xai2VdhUifQDa1Q0Az7jdZ9bqC7V498cxmvjThvQOZPvVIsVirBn0uoBzeZr2eoTTg2F2RrjolQAhUk/qDPZ+W2U/mbm8V1t/S7r7qX4Wd39dzCqC/t0LJH3l3dthDBvgqLOoFuChHofSPeznfHSoJupPv4IZ5L+F+SSF5IS+B6Igh0+88FeVtsr0WguVlcX02/L/Gw7x99dx22BV8vysBGfO+uBHp8CPRBYY+tQ/7xaP1+hgz0UH/F1ivFYrEY1R/CIT7cInhBbUflQd5c8Y0Idiv/OAPdxzNybCHYSzu4Eb+762CgM+ISFQLdKaoDhoADN8LDR3OQHGzoxPYqhBx9Cf8BqRnhTinYB/NDHaGnLdB9vbgex/i+RtH7Gwm0uw79zoiH+fKIQLcJM3zuVkvAU3Ch4ieSMgbGKcKdag6RxP3aI/moDfJUPAJd7pCL3911+CP62EmcA1D+d9dIyoArAt32sxGMLUR1XCv3CF0MrnCfcqF+R20/HM37E2ATA8ekvudmiSPQAzyXoScD/GzLYyCeI3Tp1An0kH9WO66eCrpjiVsJu2uGumIn/LCk8FSCP5PQR9XiMwn4wRDiPXHfqfxczum6Bb/7qsv3+9xd3R7R9+viXfYou6vbFqLYV9GjTqADQM4R6ACgCAIdABRBoAOAIgh0AFAEc4oCgCKYUxQAFMGQCwAogkAHAEUQ6ACgCAIdABRBoAOAInwH+tzcXAkAkD5zc3P+Aj2d7n/bkF1CKNQvF/XLRf0JINCTQ/1yUb9c1J8AAj051C8X9ctF/Qkg0JND/XJRv1zUnwACPTnULxf1y0X9CSDQk0P9clG/XNSfgP8HjxvqA1veDNgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" width="320" /></div>
<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Table 2 </span> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Graph 2</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Apply 2 V to the DC motor and measure the
current. Repeat this by increasing the load on the DC motor. Slightly pinching
the shaft would do the trick.</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b> </b>By increasing the load by pinching to the shaft of the DC motor, we were able to see a large increase of current to the motor. With the increased load the current was measured at 92.5 mA. Without the increased load on the DC motor the current measured to be 33.48 mA.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; page-break-after: avoid; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> <b> </b></span><!--[endif]--><b>(Table)
Apply the following bias voltages and fill out the table. How is I<sub>C</sub>
and I<sub>B</sub> related? Does your data support your theory?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>VBE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>VCE<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>IC<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>IB<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
0.7 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
40<span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">µA</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
7.28mA</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
0.75 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
40<span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">µA</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
48.8mA</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
0.8 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
40<span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">µA</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
66.8mA</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Table 3</span></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> <b>
</b></span><!--[endif]--><b>(Table) Explain photocell outputs with different
light settings. Create a table for the light conditions and photocell
resistance.<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> <b>Photo-sensor Light</b></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b> Resistance</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> Blocked </o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 9.45k Ohms</o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> Partially Blocked </o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 5.56k Ohms</o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> Room Light</o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 1.17k Ohms</o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> Flash Light</o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> .345k Ohms</o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Table 4</span></div>
</div>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span>(Table) Apply voltage (0 to 5 V with 1 V steps)
to DC motor directly and measure the current using the DMM.</b><br />
<b> </b><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 13.25pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.3pt;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> <b>Voltage </b></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.3pt;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> <b>Current</b></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.3pt;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 0</o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.3pt;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> .38 mA</o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.3pt;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 1</o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.3pt;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> </o:p><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> 26.9 mA</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.3pt;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 2</o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.3pt;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 33.2</o:p><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> mA</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.3pt;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 3 </o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.3pt;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 39.1 </o:p><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">mA</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.3pt;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 4</o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.3pt;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 44.6</o:p><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> mA</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.3pt;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 5</o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.3pt;" valign="top" width="168"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 49.8</o:p><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> mA</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<b> </b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Table 5</span><b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6825364000697381835" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> <b>
</b></span><!--[endif]--><b>Apply 2 V to the DC motor and measure the
current. Repeat this by increasing the load on the DC motor. Slightly pinching
the shaft would do the trick. </b><br />
<br />
<b> <img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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" /> </b><br />
<b> </b><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Table 6</span><b><br /></b><br />
<b> </b><br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> <b>
</b></span><!--[endif]--><b>(Video) Create the circuit below (same circuit
from week 1). Explain the operation in detail.</b></div>
<br />
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Circuit 3 </div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><b>Explain R<sub>4</sub>’s role by changing its
value to a smaller and bigger resistors and observing the voltage and the
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<b> </b><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">R<sub>4</sub>’s role for the circuit is if the resistance for the resistor in the circuit increases the motor gets much less power. Lower the resistance of </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">R</span><sub style="text-indent: -0.25in;">4</sub><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> and the motor will spin faster as it has more voltage going through it.</span><br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> <b>
</b></span><!--[endif]--><b>(Video) Create your own Rube Goldberg setup.</b><br />
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stockerfinleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18112973923278201247noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6825364000697381835.post-12353977446985509802016-01-29T06:11:00.001-08:002016-02-05T05:50:19.142-08:00Blog - Week Three<b>1. Compare the calculated and measured equivalent resistance values between the nodes A and B for three circuit configurations given below. Choose your own resistors. (Table)</b><br />
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Figure 1:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmeBXTNlGUkI1gnHw82HK-V2NCo3tn5dEnNsLLEFtLyKM9i6yIYA1ePlORzbdXjNJ-nV-4k0RClVEaVRBCJkx7k1U1XzcV-pKir8UFMMY5Lnmcwm7X7B9xSiZngM7Kw06W32HsxVNvRT36/s1600/Capture1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmeBXTNlGUkI1gnHw82HK-V2NCo3tn5dEnNsLLEFtLyKM9i6yIYA1ePlORzbdXjNJ-nV-4k0RClVEaVRBCJkx7k1U1XzcV-pKir8UFMMY5Lnmcwm7X7B9xSiZngM7Kw06W32HsxVNvRT36/s1600/Capture1.PNG" /></a></div>
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Table 1:</div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> Resistor Number</o:p></div>
</td><td style="border: 1pt solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p>Measured Resistor Value </o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> </o:p>R<sub>1</sub></div>
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</td><td style="border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p>4.69 K</o:p>Ω </div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p>R<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">2</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 3.3 K</o:p>Ω </div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p>R<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">3</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 0.89 K</o:p>Ω </div>
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Figure 2:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj28gznqmCXTC_oS8Zd_dKnEj5ee7AAbeOCRhQsNzJAx9tsEFTO0VMBi6qONPvICoYXPgKxl7kIL8GKpg6Jd_eIuYGGnww9wsEmTwNB6_qfGNBiyWX2GPSe3aZM8ErpV2FM0JmKKMCJTxxD/s1600/Capture2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj28gznqmCXTC_oS8Zd_dKnEj5ee7AAbeOCRhQsNzJAx9tsEFTO0VMBi6qONPvICoYXPgKxl7kIL8GKpg6Jd_eIuYGGnww9wsEmTwNB6_qfGNBiyWX2GPSe3aZM8ErpV2FM0JmKKMCJTxxD/s1600/Capture2.PNG" /></a></div>
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Table 3:</div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> Resistor Number</o:p></div>
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<o:p>Measured Resistor Value </o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p>R<sub>1</sub></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p>4.69 K</o:p>Ω </div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p>R<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">2</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> 3.3 K</o:p>Ω </div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p>R<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">3</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> 0.89 K</o:p>Ω </div>
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Figure 2:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkb9MZNEacPIS39ao3P0Y2_BTiq2f1agNrb5gc8PIlyNkbI6s7cNZyrB7GWEo10UMqimhfCB05hBOfa7qIS7xK22W9gy-miWit_Ez934hVcNmLNNXNswQp_prQoUnxzlAAew56Gz-0AMTs/s1600/Capture3.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkb9MZNEacPIS39ao3P0Y2_BTiq2f1agNrb5gc8PIlyNkbI6s7cNZyrB7GWEo10UMqimhfCB05hBOfa7qIS7xK22W9gy-miWit_Ez934hVcNmLNNXNswQp_prQoUnxzlAAew56Gz-0AMTs/s320/Capture3.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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Table 3:</div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> Resistor Number</o:p></div>
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<o:p>Measured Resistor Value </o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p>R<sub>1</sub></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p><o:p>4.69 K</o:p>Ω </o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p>R<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">2</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> 3.3 K</o:p>Ω </div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p>R<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">3</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> 0.89 K</o:p>Ω </div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p><o:p> </o:p>R<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">4</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 1.98 </o:p><o:p> K</o:p>Ω </div>
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Table 4:</div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.4pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> Circuit</o:p></div>
</td><td style="border: 1pt solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 189pt;" valign="top" width="252"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p>Calculated Resistance </o:p></div>
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<o:p>Measured Resistance </o:p></div>
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<o:p> A</o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 189pt;" valign="top" width="252"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p>0.6507 K</o:p>Ω</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.95in;" valign="top" width="283"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p><o:p>0.650 K</o:p>Ω </o:p></div>
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<o:p> B </o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 189pt;" valign="top" width="252"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 5.445 </o:p><o:p>K</o:p>Ω</div>
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<o:p><o:p>5.44 K</o:p>Ω </o:p></div>
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<o:p> C</o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-color: initial; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 189pt;" valign="top" width="252"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<o:p> 6.503 </o:p><o:p>K</o:p>Ω</div>
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<o:p> 6.490 </o:p><o:p>K</o:p>Ω</div>
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2<b>. Apply 5V on a 120 Ω resistor. Measure the current by putting the multimeter in series and parallel. Why are they different?</b><br />
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5V Applied to 120 Ω Resistor (Series)</div>
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Measured Current</div>
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Calculated Current</div>
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<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
41.6 mA</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
41.0 mA</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Table 5:</div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="2" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 6.65in;" valign="top" width="638"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5V Applied to 120 Ω Resistor (Parallel)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Measured Current<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Calculated Current<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
N/A</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
N/A</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<br />
<br />
For the trial in parallel, the electricity could now take a path with a much smaller resistance, essentially shorting the circuit and providing us with little or no value and confusing the multi-meter. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The principal works for the same reason as it would if the multi-meter were just a resistor. A series connection and a parallel connection are completely different. For the series connection, the current will be 'shared' among the different components. This value will remain constant but the voltage across each component will change. For the parallel connection, there will be two separate paths in which the current can travel. The voltage across each component, however, will remain the same. </div>
</div>
The multi-meter is the same way. In series with any component, the current will be constant. Since the current comes through the same path, both components will read one current value. But if one applies the same amount of current to the components with the multi-meter in parallel, there will be two separate paths in which that current can travel and likely two different currents. Think of it based on Ohm's law (Voltage = Current * Resistance), the constant voltage will be divided by two different resistances and yield two different currents. 1. Compare the calculated and measured equivalent resistance values between the nodes A and B for three circuit configurations given below. Choose your own resistors. (Table)<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>3. Apply 5 V to two resistors (47 Ω and 120 Ω) that are in series. Compare the measured and calculated values of voltage and current values on each resistor.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
Table 6:</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 6.65in;" valign="top" width="638"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5V Applied to 120 Ω Resistor in Series
with 47 Ω Resistor</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 246.0pt;" valign="top" width="328"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Measured</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Calculated</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 246.0pt;" valign="top" width="328"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
R1 Current<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
29.9mA</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
29.0mA</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 246.0pt;" valign="top" width="328"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
R1 Voltage<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.40 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.405 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 246.0pt;" valign="top" width="328"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
R2 Current</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
29.9mA</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
29.0mA</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 246.0pt;" valign="top" width="328"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
R2 Voltage</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.49 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.588 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<br />
<br />
The results shown in table six are as expected. The current measured through both objects in series are constant. They are then operating as a voltage divider. Ideally, the current passing through each component in series should be the same and the voltages should sum up to be equal to the Voltage Source. In this case, the measured voltages of R1 and R2 add up to 4.89. While this is close to the original 5V, this is not exact. Causes of this could be human error in measurement, standards of error on equipment, extra resistance in the wires/bread board, or not quite getting 5V from the power supply. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>4. Apply 5 V to two resistors (47 Ω and 120 Ω) that are in parallel. Compare the measured and calculated values of voltage and current values on each resistor.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
Table 7:<br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 6.65in;" valign="top" width="638"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5V Applied to 120 Ω Resistor in Parallel with 47 Ω Resistor<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 246.0pt;" valign="top" width="328"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Measured<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Calculated<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 246.0pt;" valign="top" width="328"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
R1 Current (<o:p></o:p><b>47 Ω)</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<o:p> 92 mA</o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<o:p>106 mA</o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 246.0pt;" valign="top" width="328"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
R1 Voltage (<o:p></o:p><b>47 Ω)</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.27 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<o:p>5V </o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 246.0pt;" valign="top" width="328"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
R2 Current (<o:p></o:p><b>120 Ω)</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<o:p>39 mA</o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<o:p>47 mA</o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 246.0pt;" valign="top" width="328"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
R2 Voltage (<o:p></o:p><b>120 Ω)</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.27 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.4pt;" valign="top" width="155"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<o:p>5V </o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
Once again, the values in Table 7 don't quite add up to the ideal values from calculations, however, they are close. Similarly to the previous example, this could be caused by human error, instrument tolerance, extra resistance in wires/breadboard, inconstant power or a combination of any of those things. </div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>5. Compare the calculated and measured values of the following current and voltage for the circuit below: (breadboard photo)
a. Current on 2 kΩ resistor,
b. Voltage across both 1.2 kΩ resistors.</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5GATo-vnXNeIwPRekVRxIvI_3Z_QvzBABylSJeVAzuGvCA7uHNX_3AmEw2PPIljLxwfLMk4SsGc2B1J-TtUVNUN4zH7LAiEe9oGykPnsbRJKXG7jxdQ4QsOF3I206pRhed3sBr3one75r/s1600/12630893_10153895660349826_875040156_o+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5GATo-vnXNeIwPRekVRxIvI_3Z_QvzBABylSJeVAzuGvCA7uHNX_3AmEw2PPIljLxwfLMk4SsGc2B1J-TtUVNUN4zH7LAiEe9oGykPnsbRJKXG7jxdQ4QsOF3I206pRhed3sBr3one75r/s320/12630893_10153895660349826_875040156_o+%25281%2529.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Table 8:<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Voltage 1.2KΩ Horizontal</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0.824 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Voltage 1.2KΩ Vertical</div>
</td>
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0.685 V</div>
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Current 2KΩ</div>
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1.86 mA</div>
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The circuit shown on the breadboard above in which the values are derived for table 8 is show below as Figure 4. </div>
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Figure 4:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6BfS2igUauD3x5MBcW2pd1ZrH1Rk7J9gFMuW4nw_m0h9NcI9LJDvAQhnG171pPAtpjBQVGFrk-0TxeqsgjOEY0dMpb4Y4Bg0VRxm7h_IoJzB4vs02svG8xrx41-Jyj7QTlt_UL1_wiIBE/s1600/Untitled-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6BfS2igUauD3x5MBcW2pd1ZrH1Rk7J9gFMuW4nw_m0h9NcI9LJDvAQhnG171pPAtpjBQVGFrk-0TxeqsgjOEY0dMpb4Y4Bg0VRxm7h_IoJzB4vs02svG8xrx41-Jyj7QTlt_UL1_wiIBE/s320/Untitled-2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b> 6. What would be the equivalent resistance value of the circuit above (between the power supply nodes)? </b></div>
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The equivalent resistance of the circuit shown in figure four is calculated to be 2.53 KΩ.</div>
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<b>7. Measure the equivalent resistance with and without the 5 V power supply. Are they different? Why?</b></div>
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When the power supply is on, we read a value of 0 KΩ. When the power supply was off, we read value of 0.567 kΩ. This is due to the way a multi-meter measures current. It applies a small test signal in order to evaluate the result and calculate a resistance. Since there is a voltage now being applied to the circuit, there will be new voltages and currents effecting the returning value to the multi-meter. This will force the multi-meter to make an incorrect calculation. </div>
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<b>8. Explain the operation of a potentiometer by measuring the resistance values between the terminals (there are 3 terminals, so there would be 3 combinations). (video)</b><br />
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<b>9. What would be the minimum and maximum voltage that can be obtained at V1 by changing the knob position of the 5 KΩ pot? Explain</b><br />
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In this case, the minimum and maximum voltage that can be obtained at V1 is 5V for both. Since the potentiometer is in parallel with the source, as shown in the figure below, the only change that would if the resistance value provided by the potentiometer is adjusted is the current. This can be explained by Ohm's law. V/R = I . The 5V is constant, yet the resistance is being manipulated. That leaves the only variable left to change being the current.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGnp5AufPfESZRQOl9takpPEqqVGg-VMqgLlbOwn4ToR3rkWi4zxe_9P_aYmCcwrEjo20Q8BaiP_gsVgz_fk2-L_98UHyicBuokShA5Q7GjP36Jj1a0Nb22rmamdcqtVNDuIZzT0EHWtBm/s1600/Untitled-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGnp5AufPfESZRQOl9takpPEqqVGg-VMqgLlbOwn4ToR3rkWi4zxe_9P_aYmCcwrEjo20Q8BaiP_gsVgz_fk2-L_98UHyicBuokShA5Q7GjP36Jj1a0Nb22rmamdcqtVNDuIZzT0EHWtBm/s1600/Untitled-1.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b> 10. How are V1 and V2 related and how do they change with the position of the knob of the pot? (video)</b></div>
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<span style="font-weight: bold;"> 11. How are current values of 1 kΩ resistor and 5 KΩ pot related and how do they change with the position of the knob of the pot? (video)</span><br />
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It's important to mention that the potentiometer cannot be turned to zero while in parallel with the power supply. This will create a short circuit and likely fry the component. </div>
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<b>12. Explain what a voltage divider is and how it works based on your experiments.</b></div>
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Voltage divider also known as the potential divider. Using the voltage divider we are able to calculate the output voltage. Voltage divider is used on the two resistors in our circuit with values of 1K and 5K Ohms. The final calculation of the circuit will look like 5k/(1k+5k) multiplied by the 5V voltage source.. </div>
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<b>13. Explain what a current divider is and how it works based on your experiments.
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Current divider is a simple linear circuit that produces the output current. By splitting the current between the branches of the divider. In our circuit we have the 1K and 5K resistors with the 5 voltage source. </div>
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stockerfinleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18112973923278201247noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6825364000697381835.post-58571428899698732792016-01-22T06:18:00.001-08:002016-01-25T04:48:09.421-08:00Blog sheet week 2<br />
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1.What is the role of A/B switch? If you are on A, would B still give you a voltage? </h4>
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px;">The A/B switch allows one to change which channel is being displayed on the information dials. If both channels are set to be independent and have a voltage applied via their voltage control, they will both provide a voltage at the same time, regardless of what position the switch is in. One could set up channel A for one desired voltage, switch to channel B for another desired voltage and then use both voltage sources simultaneously in a circuit application. </span><br />
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2.In each channel, there is a current specification (either 0.5 A or 4 A). What does that mean? </h4>
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px;">The power supply can also regulate the current being provided on its channels. It does so to ensure a constant supply of power. </span><br />
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3.Your power supply has two main operation modes for A and B channels; independent and tracking. How do those operation work? (Video)</h4>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px;">The independent option allows for both channel A and B to have separate voltages that are not interaction with each other.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px;">Changing the mode to tracking, however, will give the option to put the channels in series or parallel.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px;">This allows for a greater difference in voltages.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px;">In series the unit can output 48V at 0.5 A or in parallel the unit can output 24V at 1A.</span><br />
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Independent Mode</div>
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Series Tracking Mode</div>
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4.Can you generate +30 V using a combination of the power supply outputs? How? (Photo)</h4>
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We are able to generate +30 V by using both A and B outputs in series and having the Positive and Negative leads in the positive and negative input on the power supply. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgehwIu-4PFZfYoFw89Vh3kY_SsCHk-a4G1xpTxBcRLUY1i2njoA4WWjeQkOxlKL3mM0WZ7lBeubrIX8FHp0zoCL22890i1KDjo1vQlXWpWUmUVQvAnklziklpnt-PYLMjN8qJ9enRXShpT/s1600/12632944_10153880310604826_814687431_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgehwIu-4PFZfYoFw89Vh3kY_SsCHk-a4G1xpTxBcRLUY1i2njoA4WWjeQkOxlKL3mM0WZ7lBeubrIX8FHp0zoCL22890i1KDjo1vQlXWpWUmUVQvAnklziklpnt-PYLMjN8qJ9enRXShpT/s320/12632944_10153880310604826_814687431_o.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
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Positive 30 Volts</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu4T7Py3D4ZlwP0Z61UZCsZZXxqbaubZUIQN97HOVEZe8U90lEJgOJcgXZstZUnF9OsLe0ebinAi6o23lJucT6nIJBi2FdctsVTHO27YFglXCaBw84wOVfdxWB52a-2O3dGzlsNOzh1HGQ/s1600/12620402_10153880310649826_1171447371_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu4T7Py3D4ZlwP0Z61UZCsZZXxqbaubZUIQN97HOVEZe8U90lEJgOJcgXZstZUnF9OsLe0ebinAi6o23lJucT6nIJBi2FdctsVTHO27YFglXCaBw84wOVfdxWB52a-2O3dGzlsNOzh1HGQ/s320/12620402_10153880310649826_1171447371_o.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
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Positive 30 Volts Setup</div>
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5.Can you generate -30 V using a combination of the power supply outputs? How? (Photo)</h4>
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In order to get a negative voltage, the positive and negative needs to be switched on the power supply<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuOMF3TWLZCRfESENiLbwwrHffQ9VldCZtIGUES1Os1ylFvM7uVJJrL_llcLUZo3JWv5K0o1PhJdV3yVBKEX1ft4YzrxgxKkvBwCZUH1_6aJ4uDB79T3x7-Ij7dbBZm3i3uuQebiTf2sbO/s1600/12620379_10153880310729826_176395972_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuOMF3TWLZCRfESENiLbwwrHffQ9VldCZtIGUES1Os1ylFvM7uVJJrL_llcLUZo3JWv5K0o1PhJdV3yVBKEX1ft4YzrxgxKkvBwCZUH1_6aJ4uDB79T3x7-Ij7dbBZm3i3uuQebiTf2sbO/s320/12620379_10153880310729826_176395972_o.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
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Negative 30 Volts Setup</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3CBObplplAorNFoD_0irWgXVKiAnQ_w7mTB61rBU1XCxstUD6yII9sIHFBiBBAhcZUZZNqdh6U3j24jngFDmXunWhce1aUhaxbIVg39vdNy6eQ-lOQ8Ud_pLj1d3JWnkuIfPKchjpfZr1/s1600/12637171_10153880310694826_1596304499_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3CBObplplAorNFoD_0irWgXVKiAnQ_w7mTB61rBU1XCxstUD6yII9sIHFBiBBAhcZUZZNqdh6U3j24jngFDmXunWhce1aUhaxbIVg39vdNy6eQ-lOQ8Ud_pLj1d3JWnkuIfPKchjpfZr1/s320/12637171_10153880310694826_1596304499_o.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
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Negative 30 Volts</div>
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Alternatively, we could have measured the voltage as -30V by switching the positive and negative leads to the digital multi-meter. We felt that the earlier method is best to stay organized for future use when a circuit may call for both positive and negative voltage. </div>
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<b>6.Can you generate +10 V and -10 V at the same time using a combination of the power supply outputs? How? (Photo)</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUkt42zGeKSrAid7e_nS8dxbaXfNn_5msxoG9MKgY_LMskWJT0OdSr2FglLAXPj6QwMUQ0re8LC76y2OXuLP8AKUQ4ZWKW9-YsPJIWHuKNM5ewnzFAGrPGkjGZNjXjji3jId0tqvQyvKgH/s1600/12631218_10153880310509826_1777173109_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUkt42zGeKSrAid7e_nS8dxbaXfNn_5msxoG9MKgY_LMskWJT0OdSr2FglLAXPj6QwMUQ0re8LC76y2OXuLP8AKUQ4ZWKW9-YsPJIWHuKNM5ewnzFAGrPGkjGZNjXjji3jId0tqvQyvKgH/s320/12631218_10153880310509826_1777173109_o.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
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Positive 10 Volts</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD-5_fI0MlLKtaBb13qCUXxF1ld9r1BjSFXeTrxEM5NOAsgRuvRfuXXcUU63NqJgCaKC27DvgEIguXFETJSwAvP7n7HNXW-r9-YrebeF77PjuTgGwKlEDAS6PVBoKOMTnq3eObRW-czbg6/s1600/12630904_10153880310444826_1701258504_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD-5_fI0MlLKtaBb13qCUXxF1ld9r1BjSFXeTrxEM5NOAsgRuvRfuXXcUU63NqJgCaKC27DvgEIguXFETJSwAvP7n7HNXW-r9-YrebeF77PjuTgGwKlEDAS6PVBoKOMTnq3eObRW-czbg6/s320/12630904_10153880310444826_1701258504_o.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
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Negative 10 volts</div>
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Both positive and negative volts are setup using A and B channels. As long as you switch one of the channels with positive and negative leads it will create a negative voltage source. This is done by putting the power supply in independent mode. </div>
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7.<b>Apply 5V to a 100 Ω resistor and measure the current by using the DMM (remember the setup in DC 3). Compare the reading with the current meter reading on the power supply. At what angle of the current knob makes the LED light on? If you keep on decreasing the current limit, what happens to the voltage and current? (Video)</b><br />
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Circuit Setup and Reading</div>
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<b> 8.Where is the fuse for the power supply? What is it for?</b><br />
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The fuse for the Power Supply is located on the back under the power cord. The fuse is used to prevent any damage to the power supply in case anything would prevent the fuse to blow. If the fuse blows, the LED indicator will not light and the power supply will not operate.<br />
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<b>9.Where is the fuse for the DMM? What is it for?</b><br />
The housing for the fuse on the DMM is located on the back of the meter under the power cord. The correct fuse ratings for the DMM are 250mA fuse for 100Vac or 120Vac is selected, and 125mA fuse for 220Vac or 240Vac is selected. <br />
There is also a T2al 250V fuse on the front face that's duty is to make sure too much current is not passing through from the leads to the unit. <br />
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<b>10.What is the difference between 2W and 4W resistor measurements?</b><br />
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The accuracy on the 2 wire is slightly higher than the 4 wire on some measurements. For the 120 Ohm measurement the 2 wire accuracy is at .15% and the 4 wire is at .1%. The maximum input for the 2W resistor is 500V and the the maximum input for 4W resistor is at 250V.<br />
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<b> 11.How would you measure current that is around 10 A using DMM?</b><br />
In order to measure a current around 10A we would need to connect the lead cord to the 12A setting on the DMM. This would allow us to measure a current around 10 A using the DMMstockerfinleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18112973923278201247noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6825364000697381835.post-82705542122697657392016-01-14T13:33:00.000-08:002016-01-19T07:13:03.266-08:00<h4>
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Monday</h2>
<h4>
1. What is the class format?</h4>
The class format consists of quizzes, discussions, blog reports, midterms and a final exam. Monday will begin with a pre-quiz, lab intro and the start of the lab itself. During the Wednesday's class period we will continue the lab if it is not completed. Friday's class will have blog discussions and a post-quiz.<br />
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<h4>
2.What are the important safety rules?</h4>
Everyone must know where the fire extinguisher, first aid kid, telephone and the list of emergency numbers. Every group must test if the equipment is working properly. When conducting the lab it is safest to power everything off when not working, ground the circuit and don't have wet hands. After you are done with the lab clean and tidy up your work station.<br />
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3.Does current kill?</h4>
Yes when the amperes is between 0.1 and 0.2 it could cause death. Lower amperes will cause some pain and breathing troubles along with shock, muscular paralysis but this will not cause death.<br />
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4.How do you read color codes?</h4>
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5.What is the tolerance? Give an example from your experiment. </h4>
Tolerance is the percentage that the resister could be off. If the resistor has a 5% tolerance and a value of 470, the reading could be 5 percent higher or lower than 470.<br />
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6.Prove all your resistors are within the tolerance range.</h4>
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Given Resistors: Calculated Resistance</h4>
150 k-Ohm ±5% 149 k-Ohms <br />
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1.5 k-Ohm±5% 1.47k-Ohms<br />
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2.2 M-Ohm±5% 2.22 M-Ohms<br />
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2.2 M-Ohm±5% 2.22 M-Ohms<br />
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1.5 k-Ohm±5% 1.47k-Ohms<br />
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120 Ohm±5% 100 Ohms<br />
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820 k-Ohm±5% 815 k-Ohms<br />
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47 Ohm±5% 48.6 Ohms<br />
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821 Ohm±5% 817 Ohms<br />
2.72 k-Ohm±5% 2.722 k-Ohms<br />
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Wednesday</h2>
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1. <span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">What is the difference between measuring the
voltage and current using a DMM? Why?</span></h4>
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Measuring the voltage we are able to get a value by putting the probes on the two ends of the what we are measuring, Calculating the current we will have to break up the circuit to get a current value.<br />
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2. <span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">How many different voltage values can you get
from the power supply? Can each one of them be changed to any value?</span></h4>
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Using the triple output dc power supply we are able to get 3 voltage values. One of the channels is a fixed 5 volts. The other two channels A and B are able to be changed from any voltage ranging from 0 volts to 24 volts.<br />
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4. <span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;">How
do you experimentally prove Ohm’s Law? Provide measurement results. Compare
calculated and measured voltage, current, and resistance values</span></h4>
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Ohm's Law is voltage equals the current multiplied by the resistance. By getting the current and the voltage we are able to use this formula to get a resistance value.<br />
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<h3>
5. Rube Goldberg</h3>
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<h2>
Friday</h2>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIpN_Zizs8L2VeO90-YlP85UUHM4_d7xoWouIoFqBwhOyHtyJ5Za81yhIf9eQy5pkgFen-08CvSK1-NcbpLTZ9Wavu6Vzdp0ASN7u9UItCIR9nA8yExCnWo3POmflUBaChkV9QFjjlKLOx/s1600/IMG_5145.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="363" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIpN_Zizs8L2VeO90-YlP85UUHM4_d7xoWouIoFqBwhOyHtyJ5Za81yhIf9eQy5pkgFen-08CvSK1-NcbpLTZ9Wavu6Vzdp0ASN7u9UItCIR9nA8yExCnWo3POmflUBaChkV9QFjjlKLOx/s400/IMG_5145.JPG" width="400" /></a> The circuit could be implemented in one of the middle stages of the Rube Goldberg machine by using a physical component to block the photo-resistor. When the physical component was moved it would start the motor which could be attached to another component to start physical movement for the next stage of the Rube Goldberg machine.<br /><br /><br />
<br />stockerfinleyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18112973923278201247noreply@blogger.com2