Friday, February 26, 2016

Week 7

Blogsheet week 7
Digital Circuits
  1. Force sensing resistor gives a resistance value with respect to the force that is applied on it. Try different loads (Pinching, squeezing with objects, etc.) and write down the resistance values. (EXPLAIN with TABLE)
 




  1. 7 Segment display:
    1. Check the manual of 7 segment display. Pdf document’s page 5 (or in the document page 4) circuit B is the one we have. Connect pin 3 or pin 14 to 5 V. Connect a 330 Ω resistor to pin 1. Other end of the resistor goes to ground. Which line lit up? Using package dimensions and function for B (page 4 in pdf), explain the operation of the 7 segment display by lighting up different segments. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO).

Depending on what pin you put the resistor is is what will light up on the 7 segment display.

7 Segment Display Light Up







    1. Using resistors for each segment, make the display show 0 and 5. (EXPLAIN with PHOTOs)
Segment Display of Zero

Segment Display of Five







  1. Display driver (7447). This integrated circuit (IC) is designed to drive 7 segment display through resistors. Check the data sheet. A, B, C, and D are binary inputs. Pins 9 through 15 are outputs that go to the display. Pin 8 is ground and pin 16 is 5 V.
    1. By connecting inputs either 0 V or 5 V, check the output voltages of the driver. Explain how the inputs and outputs are related. Provide two different input combinations. (EXPLAIN with PHOTOs and TRUTH TABLE)
Truth Table

Binary Input of 0010




Binary Input of 0111














UPDATE! You cannot actually measure the output voltages directly (I challenge you to figure out why!). You need to connect an LED and a resistor. LED’s positive terminal will go to 5 V. Negative terminal will be connected to your outputs via a resistor. The circuit would look like below:
C:\Users\kaya2t\Dropbox\TEACHING\EGR 393\week 7\Photo Feb 23, 11 45 24 AM.jpg




    1. Connect the display driver to the 7 segment display. 330 Ω resistors need to be used between the display driver outputs and the display (a total of 7 resistors). Verify your question 3a outputs with those input combinations. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO)


7 Segment Display Connected to 7447




Input Combinations from 3a.








  1. 555 Timer:
    1. Construct the circuit in Fig. 14 of the 555 timer data sheet. VCC = 5V. No RL (no connection to pin 3). RA = 150 kΩ, RB = 300 kΩ, and C = 1 µF (smaller sized capacitor). 0.01 µF capacitor is somewhat larger in size. Observe your output voltage at pin 3 by oscilloscope. (Breadboard and Oscilloscope PHOTOs)
Oscilloscope Waveform

Circuit Layout with 555 Timer







    1. Does your frequency and duty cycle match with the theoretical value? Explain your work.

The measured and calculated were fairly similar. The frequency was off more than the duty cycle. The calculated values can be seen above by using the equations written down. 


    1. Connect the force sensing resistor in series with RA. How can you make the circuit give an output? Can the frequency of the output be modified with the force sensing resistor? (Explain with VIDEO)
With the force sensing resistor added in series it is possible to get an output and also modify the frequency based on the amount of force added to the sensor.


Force Sensor












  1. Binary coded decimal (BCD) counter (74192). This circuit generates a 4-bit counter. With every clock change, output increases; 0000, 0001, 0010, …, 0111, 1000, 1001. But after 1001 (which is decimal 9), it goes back to 0000. That way, in decimal, it counts from 0 to 9. Outputs of 74192 are labelled as QA (Least significant bit), QB, QC, and QD (Most significant bit) in the data sheet (decimal counter, 74192). Use the following connections:
5 V: pins 4, 11, 16.
0 V (ground): pins 8, 14.
10 µF capacitor between 5 V and ground.

    1. Connect your 555 timer output to pin 5 of 74192. Observe the input and each output on the oscilloscope. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO and TRUTH TABLE)
555 Timer Inputs and Outputs














  1. 7486 (XOR gate). Pin diagram of the circuit is given in the logic gates pin diagram pdf file. Ground pin is 7. Pin 14 will be connected to 5 V. There are 4 XOR gates. Pins are numbered. Connect a 330 Ω resistor at the output of one of the XOR gates.
    1. Put an LED in series to the resistor. Negative end of the LED (shorter wire) should be connected to the ground. By choosing different input combinations (DC 0V and DC 5 V), prove XOR operation through LED. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO)

Based on the table from the 7447 part of the lab it is possible to pre determine when the light will be on based on the truth table.
XOR Implementation with 0V and 5V



    1. Connect XOR’s inputs to the BCD counters C and D outputs. Explain your observation. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO)

XOR Connected to BCD

    1. For 6b, draw the following signals together: 555 timer (clock), A, B, C, and D outputs of 74192, and the XOR output. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO)



  1. Connect the entire circuit: Force sensing resistor triggers the 555 timer. 555 timer’s output is used as clock for the counter. Counter is then connected to the driver (Counter’s A, B, C, D to driver’s A, B, C, D). Driver is connected to the display through resistors. XOR gate is connected to the counter’s C and D inputs as well and an LED with a resistor is connected to the XOR output. Draw the circuit schematic. (VIDEO and PHOTO)
The circuit is extremely messy and hard to see but this one was rushed. I had everything done and recorded but my phone broke and I lost all my videos and pictures.
Full Circuit 

Full Circuit Schematic(Messy)







  1. Using other logic gates provided (AND and OR), come up with a different LED lighting scheme. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO)
For the AND gates and with the truth table it is possible to either use C and D or A and B to determine when the light will turn on. For input A and B the light will turn on with an AND gate at 3 and 7. For inputs C and D the light wont turn on as the input never has 1 for C and 1 for D at the same time.
For the OR gate the lights will be off only at 0, 4 and 8 as they have values of 0 for both A and B.


                            AND Gate Inputs AB

OR Gates input AB


3 comments:

  1. I like how you used three short videos to show 2.b, they get the idea across in less then 10 seconds. I would just work on finishing it and you will be all set.

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  2. Thanks! short videos seemed to be better to show the inputs that I choose for the circuit. Hopefully can finish this blog up soon, way behind this week.

    ReplyDelete